Physiology of sleep Flashcards
Characteristics of NREM sleep
Phases
shape of sleep waves
arousal threshold, muscle activity compared to awake
type of eye movements
N1, N2, N3 (slow wave sleep
high amplitude, slow waves
incr arousal threshold, decr muscle activity
slow rolling eye movements
Characteristics of NREM
HR, resp, metab
when does it occur in sleep
decr HR, resp, metab
early in sleep
when do disorders of arousal occur during sleep
walking, terrors, night eating during N3 slow wave sleep
Characteristics of REM
type of eye movements
lasts how long
what does EEG look like
compare arousal threshold, muscle activity to NREM
rapid eye movements
approx 90 min
EEG looks like awake
incr arousal threshold compared to NREM
muscles paralyzed except eyes, mid ear, diaphragm
Characteristics of REM
temp regulation
clitoris and penis
HR, resp
suspended temp regul
brain temp incr
incr clit and penis
irregul HR, resp
when do most reconciliable dreams occur
REM
what stage of sleep occurs late in sleep during early morning hours
REM sleep
describe interaction of circadian (process C) and homeostatic system (process S) and effect on wake and on sleep
Process C operates independent of both behavior and light input (when and how often you sleep)
if light appropriate, it reinforces C rhythm
homeostatic process S that contirbute to feeling sleepy
PRESSURE FROM BOTH C AND S THAT CONTRIBUTE TO FEELING SLEEPY –> changes core body temp
sleep effect on NT
over course of day, you decr NT and you need sleep to get all NT back to normal
you are best able to sleep when ___
and most alert when ___
best sleep = core temp lowest
most alert = body temp greatest
pedunculopontine tegmental = caudal to substantia nigra
1) REM-on/wake-on neurons
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) ACh
2) active in Wake and very active REM
pedunculopontine tegmental = caudal to substantia nigra
1) REM-on neurons
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) ACh
2) active in REM
Dorsal raphe
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) serotonin
2) active = wake
reduced = NREM
Locus ceruleus
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) NE
2) active = wake
reduced = NREM
tubulomammillary posterior hypothal
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) histamine
2) active = Wake
ventral lateral pre-optic anterior hypothal
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) GABA, galanine
2) active = NREM
reduced = REM
VTA and subst nigra
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) dopamine
2) active = wake, REM
basal forebrain
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) adenosine
2) incr in wake
decr in NREM
lateral hypothal
1) NT involved?
2) when is it active
1) hypocretin
2) active = wake
some active = REM
which neurons are important in driving REM sleep
cholinergic nuclei of brain stem (PPT neurons)
what is important for sleep initiation
VLPO of anterior hypothal (GABA/galanine)
what is disturbed in narcolpesy
lateral hypothal (hypocretin)
what causes homeostatic pressure to incr during wake?
accum adenosine
sleep/wake cycle governed by
interaction btwn homeostasis (S) and circadian rhythm (C system)
