frontal lobe and hippocampus

Question 1

function of DL pfc

Answer 1

representation, planning, and selection of goal directed behaviors

Question 2

function of VM pfc

Answer 2

assessing positive and negativ valence of stimuli and with DA from VTA –> NA and 5-HT computes gains and losses

Question 3

function of anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 3

executive function via detection of conflicts btwn current attention or current behavior and results

Question 4

lesion to DL/orbitofrontal PFC results in

Answer 4

inability to use intention/goals to modulate attention

can’t switch attention –> perservation
and causes environmental dependency (lack of internal goal direction to accomplish task)

Question 5

lesion to VM pFC causes

Answer 5

Iowa Gambling task

do not show stress response to bad decks even after consciously know decks are bad

poor inhib of aggression, sex, anxiety, appetite

do not suppress risky behaviors socially

Question 6

lesion to anterior cingulate causes

Answer 6

abulia (lack of will)

akinetic + mute

Question 7

result of bilateral hippocampal dysfunction

Answer 7

problems with declarative memory = anterograde amnesia

also problem with spatial locations memory

Question 8

basic architecture of hippocampus

Answer 8

3 regions
1) dentate gyrus

2) hippocampus = CA = ammon’s horn
3) subiculum = transition from 3 layer hippocampus and 6 layer entorhinal cortex

Question 9

major cell type of dentate gyrus

major cell type of hippocampus

what is found within each layer

Answer 9

granule cells

pyramidal cells

local circuit neurons/interneuros

Question 10

most cells in dentate/hippocampus use what NT

Answer 10

use GABA to inhib cell bodies of principal cells

Question 11

CA3

CA2

CA1 functions

Answer 11

CA3 = adjacent to dentate and extends through opening of gyrus

CA2 next

CA1 merges with subciulum

Question 12

inputs to hippocampus

Answer 12

1) entorhinal cortex –> dentate gyrus –> granule cells –> mossy fibers –> CA3 of hippocampus

entorhinal cortex –> perforate path –> hippocampus

Question 13

axon collaterals from CA3 do 4 things

Answer 13

1) form autoassoc with itself
2) synapse on other CA3 neurons
3) leave via fornix
4) synapse via schaeffer collaterals on CA1 neurons

Question 14

most input from CA1 sent to

Answer 14

subiculum

–> entorhinal cortex –> cortical assoc areas

Question 15

how do diff sensory components of an empisode combine in hippocampus

Answer 15

via CA3 autoassoc

allows one to retrieve entire memory from tiny sample

Question 16

how do autoassoc networks recreate whole from parts

Answer 16

CA3 operates as single network connected by recurrent collaterals to other CA3 cells so arbitrary assoc btwn inputs from diff parts of cortex can be formed

allow assoc btwn info from temporal visual cortex about presence of object and info from parietal about where it is

Question 17

what is importance of sleep in hippocampal memory consolidation

Answer 17

representations of recent experience transfer from hippocampus –> neocortex (consolidation for long term memories)