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Neuro_week7 > Limbic system and physiology of emotion > Flashcards

Limbic system and physiology of emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory track = lateral and medial olfactory stria

describe lateral olfactory stria

A

Lateral olfactory stria terminate in piriform cortex (primary olfactory) containing

1) entral frontal lobe
2) medial temporal lobe (overlying uncus)
3) anterior insula

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2
Q

Olfactory track = lateral and medial olfactory stria

describe medial olfactory stria

A

follow to inter hemispheric fissure on medial surface as

1) anterior parolfactory sulci
2) posterior parolfactory sulci

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3
Q

what happens when lateral and medial olfactory stria meet?

A

form V shape

cortex in V = pole of cingulated gyrus

cingulated gyrus = continuous with parahippocampal gyrus

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4
Q

what does parahippocampal grus feed into?

what are outputs?

A

feed into hippocampus

forms 2 outputs

1) thru fornix
2) or to parahippocampal gyrus then to amygdala

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5
Q

describe anterior perforated substance

A

area btwn 2 olfactory stria where ventral striatum and ventral pallitum meet pail surface

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6
Q

describe diagonal band of broca
where is it

what does it contain

A

extends from amygdala along posterior aspect of anterior perforated substance
then curves into inter hemispheric fissure (behind medial olfactory stria)

contains cholinergic nuclei

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7
Q

describe paraterminal gyrus
where is it
what does it contain

A

btwn posterior parolfactory sulcus and lamina terminalis

contains many cholinergic cell population

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8
Q

paraterminal gyrus travels where

A

up to septum pellucid as cluster of cholinergic cells within septal nuceli

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9
Q

describe papez’s circuit

A

emotion = circuit of 4 structures

1) cingulate cortex
2) hypothalamus
3) hippocampus
4) hypothalamus

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10
Q 
papez's circuit
function of 
1) cingulate cortex
2) hypothal
3) hippocampus 
4) hypothal
A

1) cingulate cortex = determine experience of emotion
2) hypothal = emotional expression
3) hippocampus = project to hypothal via fornix
4) hypothal = reach cortex via relay in anterior thalamic nuclei

emotional experience in cingulate become expression by indirect transmission to hypothal

hypothal goes back to cingulate via thalamus anterior nucleus

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11
Q

structure in papez not included in emotion

structures involved but not included

A

hippocampus

ventral-medial frontal lobe, amygdala, ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens), and brainstem structures like dopaminergic neurons of ventral tegmental area.

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12
Q

define emotion
3 fundamental components

assoc components

A

1) physiological arousal
2) expressive behaviors, actions, tendencies
3) conscious experience

associated = mood, temperament, personality, motivation

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13
Q

emotion linked to ___

A

motivation and motor system

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14
Q

subjective experience occurs in conjunction with

A

disposition towards certain stereotypical behaviors and movements to produce automatic reactions

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15
Q

response to emotion

1) desire
2) fear
3) interest/surprise
4) anger
5) anxiety/caution
6) joy

A

1) desire = approach
2) fear = freeze or avoid
3) interest/surprise - attend/orient
4) anger = attack/fight
5) anxiety/caution = inhb/repare
6) joy = readiness, freely explore

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16
Q

describe mood

A

climate of person’s feelings over time
affective states
unfocused, diffuse

tone, intensity and predictions about future experience of reward or punishment

change with expectations of future pleasure or pain

can last for days- years

hypothetical constructions depicting individual emotional state

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17
Q

describe cognition

A

processing of info, applying knowledge, and changing preferences

includes memory, attention, language, problem solving, planning

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18
Q

describe motivation

A

bias towards specific action patterns or patterns of behavior

reasons for ehaivong in certain way

19
Q

emotion and decision making (cognition) linked

1) amygdala critical for ___
2) VMPFC and ventral striatum critical for ___

3) VTA (reward) and serotonin (punishment) contribute to ___

A

1) amygdala = associating stim, physiologic responses, action patterns, predictions
2) critical for predictions about risks/rewards assoc with given behavior
3) contribute to synaptic plasticity and assoc learning in amygdala, ventral striatum, OFC

20
Q

amygdala

1) primary role in ___

A

1) forms and stores memories assoc with emotional events

creates assoc btwn sensory stim and behavioral/autonomic responses

21
Q

amygdala

what do lesions do?

A

impairs acquisition and expression of Pavlovian fear condition

22
Q

amygdala
1) function of central nucleus

2) connected to

A

1) production of fear responses (freezing, tachycardia, incr respiration, stress-hormone release)

–> expression of emotional responses

2) connected to laterna nuclei to elicit fear behavior

23
Q

amygdala

1) function of lateral nuclei

A

memories of emotional experiences imprinted in strength of synaptic connections

24
Q

amygdala

1) function of bed nucleus of stria terminals

A

1) derivative of central nucleus, mediates release of pituitary-adrenal stress hormone CRH causing adrenal to release epi and cortisol

25
Q

amygdala
1) pathway
sensory stim reach ____ where they form ___

2) role of LTP

A

1) sensory stim reach BASOLATERAL COMPLEX ESP AMYGDALA (LAT NUCLEI) –> form assoc with memories of stim
2) LTP = mediates assoc btwn stimuli and aversive events they predict

26
Q

amygdala

appetitive condition

A

positive conditioning but no clear anatomical location

27
Q

amygdala and fear condition
ex = play sound to mouse while shock

2 paths

A

1) sound –> auditory thalamus –> auditory cortex basolateral amygdala
2) painful stim = somatosensory thalamus –> somatosensory cortex basolateral amygdala

28
Q

amygdala and fear condition
ex = play sound to mouse while shock

what happens when both happen together

A

condition stim (sound) able to create pain response (incr stress, freezing)

forms memory in lateral amygdala

memories imprinted in strength of synapses in lateral nuclei cause fear via connection with central nucleus + BNST

29
Q

amygdala and fear condition
ex = play sound to mouse while shock

what happens with novel experience

A

new sound –> new experience bathes brain in ACh and create time window for painful event to be assoc

30
Q

Ventral striatum contains

projects to…

A

nucleus accumbens
and reinforcing VTA neuronal projections

projects to VMPFC

31
Q

ventral striatum critical for

A

generating prediction about risks/rewards assoc with given behaviors

can have plasticity and assoc learning

32
Q

experiments in ventral striatum and result

describe medial forebrain bundle

A

medial forebrain bundle = contains dopaminergic neurons from VTA of fibrin adjacent to subst nigra (freq activated by mice)

33
Q

VTA neurons project where?

A

project ot nucleus accumbens in ventral striatum –> reinforcing

34
Q

nucleus accumbens receive input from where? project where?

A

input = output = VMPFC

35
Q

function of VMPFC- nucleus- accumbens corticostriatal loop?

A

via presence or absence of dopamine, reinforce or decr activity in networks that make predictions about risks or rewards

X

36
Q

what happens if excess dopamine in VMPFC- nucleus- accumbens corticostriatal loop?

A

excessively reinforce active networks during behavior (ex = cocaine abuse = activate networks predicting more reward and ways to get)

continued reinforcement = impaired judgment in settings clearly maladaptive = addiction

37
Q

VTA of midbrain
project and release DA where?

in response to…

A

release dopamine into nucleus accumbens

in response to errors in predictions about reward

38
Q

VTA of midbrain

where are predictions calculated

A

calculated in PFC and amygdala that project to VTA = VMPFC- nucleus- accumbens corticostriatal loop

39
Q

role of VTA in emotion and decision making

A

1) DA released with reward in anticipation of reward

2) VTA also projects to amygdala and other “limbic structures” for emotion such as VMPFC

40
Q

VMPFC necessary for?

A

prediction of consequences but not registering actual consequences

41
Q

what happens with lesions to VMPFC = orbitofrontal cortex

A

decr inhib of aggression, sex, anxiety in appropriate settings

42
Q

lesions to VMPFC

iowa gambling task

A

can’t figure out that deck of cards is riskier based on previous events

can’t estimate risk/reward

keep drawing from bad deck even if losing

no anticipatory emotional response (stress response) to impending punishment

43
Q

lesions to VMPFC

what is intact

A

stress response to receipt of actual rewards and punishments so can still register actual consequences

Neuro_week7 (17 decks)

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