physiology of respiration Flashcards
boyles law
pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume,
with temperature constant
newtons law
an unbalanced force acting on any body (solid,liquid,gas)
will cause an acceleration ……
air will flow from region of high to low pressure
respiration pressures at rest
alveolar pressure = atmospheric pressure
respiration pressures of inhalation
lung volume increase
alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure
respiration pressures of exhalation
lung volume decreases
alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
lung-thorax unit is in ___________ at rest
equilibrium
REL
37%
any movement away from REF requires _________ ___________
muscle effort
increased lung volume = _________ lung pressure
decrease
during exhalation, lung volume ______
decreases
one moved away from REL, there are 2 possible forces
active - applied muscle force
passive - recoil force of lung-thorax unit
2 parts of recoil forces
gravity - will result in position of energy being converted to kinetic energy
elasticity - lungs are elastic
once lung‐thorax unit is moved to a
higher lung volume (>37% VC),
recoil forces generated that will
produce (+ or -??) alveolar pressures if
recoil takes place, resulting in ______
+
exhalation
if lung‐thorax unit is moved to a
lower lung volume (<37% VC), recoil
forces generated that will produce
(+/-???) alveolar pressures if recoil takes
place, resulting in ___________
-
inhalation
rest tidal breathing
inspiratory muscle contraction
moves lung volume from REL
37% VC to ~ ___% VC
need compressed air during speech to (2)
- drive vocal fold vibration
- create sounds in oral cavity
Preq = P____+ P______
Preq = Prec+ Pmusc
for loud utterance, (more or less) inspiratory muscle
effort required, and through shorter VC range
but, (more or less) expiratory muscle effort required
through greater VC range
less
more
for soft utterance (more/less) inspiratory muscle effort required at higher
lung volumes, and through greater VC range
(more/less) expiratory, muscle effort required at lower
lung volumes, and through smaller VC range
relative to normal loudness utterance
more
less
if lung compliance increases….
- elastic recoil is ________
- ________ ________ is necessary to produce adequate pressure for speech
decreased
forced exhalation
if lung compliance decreases…
- elastic recoil is _____
- vital capacity is _________
- frequent breath __________ occur during speech
- increased
- reduced
- pauses
connected speech
- everything is changing
-no steady state pressure, air flow rates, resistances
what is the tidal volume for rest breathing
~0.5 L
speech is produced in middle of possible lung volumes
(give percentage)
37%-60% VC
connected speech VC is always (above/below) REL
above
quiet breathing (2)
12 or more times per minute
expiration slightly longer than inspirations
speech breathing (3)
frequency of breathing decreases
inspirations more abrupt
expirations lengthened
connected speech recoil forces are between ____ and ____ cm H2O
0-10
average recoil force required during speech
7 cm H2O
