exam #2 - respiratory system anatomy Flashcards
skeletal components of respiratory system (4)
vertebral (spinal) column
rib cage
pelvic girdle
pectoral girdle
parts of the torso (3)
vertebral column
rib cage
pelvis
what does torso mean
to twist
how many total vertebrae
32-33
sections of the vertebral column
cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacral (5)
coccygeal (3-4)
how many cervical vertebrae
C1-C7
how many thoracic vertebrae
T1-T12
how many lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5
how many sacral vertebrae
S1-S5
how many coccygeal vertebrea
3-4
C1 - name and function
the atlas - supports the skull
C2 - name and function
axis - forms pivot around which C1 and the skull can rotate
C7 - name
conspicuous spinous process
thoracic vertebrae function
have articular facet on transverse processes for attachment to ribs
lumbar vertebrae function
larger, weight-bearing role
sacral vertebrae fuse together to form…
sacrum
coccygeal vertebrae fuse together to form…
coccyx
parts of the sternum (superior to inferior)
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
how many rib pairs
12
ribs 1-7 connect…
directly to sternum via costal cartilage
ribs 8-11 connect…
to costal cartilage of superior ribs
ribs 11-12 attatchments
no anterior attachments
pelvic girdle parts (3)
ilium
ischium
pubis
parts of pectoral girdle (2)
clavicle
scapula
major muscles of inhalation (2)
diaphragm
external intercostals
major muscles of exhalation (4)
rectus abdominus
external obliques
internal obliques
transverse abdominus
diaphragm divides…
thorax and abdomen
muscular region of diaphragm is divided into three portions…
costal, vertebral, sternal
CVS
diaphragm is
dome shaped structure of muscle and tendon
diaphragm openings (3)
aortic hiatus
esophageal hiatus
foramen vena cava
the aortic hiatus is the passage of
descending aorta
esophageal hiatus is the opening for the
esophagus
foramen vena cava is the passage of
inferior vena cava
diaphragm action
increases vertical dimension of thorax
this increases thoracic volume and decreases thoracic pressure
external intercostals action
lift rib cage upward and
outward by “fixing” upper rib and
raising lower rib of pair
levatores costarum
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
inhalation
elevates ribs
serratus posterior superior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description
inhalation
elevates ribs 2-5
back of neck
pectoralis major
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- looks like?
inhalation
when shoulder is fixed, move sternum and ribs superiorly and laterally
also rotate arm across thorax
large fan shaped muscle on chest
pectoralis minor
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
lift ribs 3-5
large thin muscle deep to pectoralis major on chest
subclavius
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
lift 1 rib, draw shoulder anteriorly
small narrow muscle under clavicle
serratus anterior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
lift ribs 1-8, fixate and protect scapula
large thin muscle on side wall of thorax
down side
sternocleidomastoid
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
elevate sternum
flex skull toward torso
large muscle on side of neck
scalenes
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
raise ribs 1-2
group of three muscles (anterior, medial, posterior) deep in neck
accessory muscles of inhalation (8)
L, S, P, P, S, S, S, S
Levatores Costarum
Serratus Posterior Superior
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Subclavius
Serratus Anterior
Sternocleidomastoideus
Scalenes
abdominal aponeurosis covers
rectus abdominus
rectus abdominus
long ribbon‐like muscle on ventral
aspect of abdominal cavity
almost entirely enclosed by
aponeurosis
external oblique
largest, strongest, and most superficial
broad, flat muscle on lateral and
anterior portions of lower thorax and
abdomen
internal oblique
middle layer of abdominal musculature
lies just deep to external obliques
large, flat muscle on lateral and ventral
aspect of abdomen
transverse abdominus
deepest abdominal muscle
lies just deep to internal obliques
abdominal muscle action (3)
Flexor of vertebral column
Enclose and support abdominal contents
Respiration
- Displace abdominal contents and increase abdominal pressure
- Draw ribs inferiorly
most efficient rib depressors
obliques
most efficient compressor
transverse abdominus
exhalation accessory muscles (5) S, I, T, S, Q
Subcostals
Internal Intercostals
Transverse Thoracis
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Quadratus Lumborum
subcostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
presumed to depress ribs
on posterior aspect of inner wall of lower thoracic cage
internal intercostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
depress ribs
not as prominent and strong as external
intercostals
lie just deep to external intercostals
innermost
intercostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
depress ribs
not as prominent and strong as external
intercostals
deepest layer of internal intercostals
transverse thoracis
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
presumed to depress ribs
on inner surface of anterior thoracic wall
serratus posterior inferior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
presumed to pull down on lower ribs
on lower posterior portion of the thorax
quadratus lumborum
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
decompress rib 12
on lower back/side above iliac crest
movements of ribs in breathing: vertical
diaphragm contractions
movements of ribs in breathing: transverse
elevation of curved ribs
movements of ribs in breathing: anteroposterior
anterior and superior movement of sternum
on inhalation, the thoracic cavity expands in how many directions
3 vertical, transverse, anteroposterior
