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gross anatomy > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomical position (4)

A

body standing erect
facing observer
arms at side
palms facing forward

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2
Q

sagittal plane is aka

A

median plane is aka

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3
Q

sagittal (median) plane is where

A

cuts body into left and right

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4
Q

coronal plane aka

A

frontal plane aka

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5
Q

coronal (frontal plane) is where

A

cuts body into posterior and anterior

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6
Q

transverse plane aka

A

horizontal or axial plane aka

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7
Q

epithelial tissue covers…

A

sheet covering external surface of the body (skin)
lines tubes and passageways to exterior
covers internal body cavities

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8
Q

functions of epithelial tissue (4)

A

protection, secretion, sensation, absorption

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9
Q

what does connective tissue do

A

binds structures together, supports body, aids in body maintenance

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10
Q

types of connective tissue

A

loose and dense

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11
Q

areolar tissue and adipose tissue are what type of tissue

A

loose connective tissue

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12
Q

loose connective tissue…

A

binds parts together

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13
Q

dense connective tissue can be (2)

A

fibrous or elastic

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14
Q

types of dense connective tissue (5)

A

tendons
aponeurosis
ligament
fascia
dermis

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15
Q

tendon attaches… (3)

A

muscle to bone
muscle to cartilage
muscle to muscle

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16
Q

what is aponeurosis

A

like a sheet of tendon
similar to fascia

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17
Q

types of aponeurosis (2)

A

abdominal aponeurosis
plantar fasciitis

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18
Q

ligament connects… (3)

A

bone to bone
bone to cartilage
cartilage to cartilage

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19
Q

what is fascia

A

layer of separation between muscles and other structures

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20
Q

is fascia thinner or thicker than aponeurosis

A

thinner

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21
Q

how can fascia contain infection

A

bedsheets example

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22
Q

types of cartilage (3)

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrous

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23
Q

calcified connective tissue

A

bone

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24
Q

example of elastic cartilage

A

eustachian tube
epiglottis

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25
Q

all of the _______ __________ in the body is involved in the production or reception of sound

A

elastic cartilage

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26
Q

calcified connective tissue

A

bone

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27
Q

cartilage covers the…..

A

articular facets of joint

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28
Q

vertebral column, skull, ribs, and hyoid bone are parts of the _____ skeleton

A

axial

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29
Q

3 types of joints

A

fibrous (immovable)
cartilaginous (yielding)
synovial (moveable)

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30
Q

skeletal bones are functionally connected at _______ or _______

A

articulations or joints

31
Q

what connects two bones almost in direct contact

A

fibrous joint

32
Q

ex of fibrous joints

A

skull sutures
nasal bones
teeth

33
Q

cartilaginous joints ex

A

pubic symphysis
ribs to sternum
vertebra

34
Q

synovial joints ex

A

shoulder (ball & socket)
ribs to vertebra
finger joint (hinge)

35
Q

what type of joints is the most common

A

synovial

36
Q

______ ________ performs mechanical work by contracting

A

muscle tissue

37
Q

types of muscle tissue (3)

A

smooth
striated
cardiac

38
Q

striated aka

A

skeletal/voluntary

39
Q

what muscle is involuntary

A

smooth and cardiac

40
Q

ex smooth muscle

A

stomach
intestines
blood vessels

41
Q

combination f=of striated and smooth muscle

A

cardiac muscle

42
Q

attachment that is fixed or moves less

A

origin

43
Q

structure being acted upon or moved via contraction

A

insertion

44
Q

joint =

A

fulcrum (F)

45
Q

where muscle is attached and how its moved

A

force/effort arm (E)

46
Q

what is being moved

A

load arm (origin) (L)

47
Q

force arm > resistance arm

A

mechanical advantage

48
Q

force arm < resistance arm

A

mechanical disadvantage

49
Q

class 1 ex

A

neck extension arm extension (tricep)

50
Q

may operate with mechanical advantage or disadvantage

A

class 1

51
Q

always operates with a mechanical advantage

A

class 2

52
Q

class 2 ex

A

jaw opening against resistance

53
Q

2

load is between effort arm and fulcrum

A

class 2

54
Q

fulcrum is in between effort arm and load arm

A

class 1

55
Q

most common lever system

A

class 3

56
Q

always operate with mechanical disadvantage

A

class 3

57
Q

class 3 ex

A

arm flexion

58
Q

head bending forward

A

flexion

59
Q

head bending back

A

extension

60
Q

retrusion

A

jaw going back

61
Q

protrusion

A

jaw going forward

62
Q

abduction

A

away from body

63
Q

adduction

A

toward body

64
Q

vascular tissue

A

fluid tissues such as blood or lymph

65
Q

when a muscle fiber is stimulated, it ….

A

shortens

66
Q

motor unit

A

array of one motor neuron and its muscle fiber

67
Q

motor endplate

A

junction of final motor neuron and muscle fiber

68
Q

innervation ratio

A

number of muscle fibers innervated by single motor neuron

69
Q

lower or higher innervation ratio for finer movements

A

lower

70
Q

ways to build up force within a muscle (3)

A

firing rate
recruitment of motor units
recruitment of other muscles

71
Q

agonist

A

main muscle involved in moving muscle

72
Q

fixator

A

contracts to steady a body part while movement is happening

73
Q

synergist

A

muscle that compliments the action of the agonist

74
Q

antagonist

A

acts in opposition of the agonist

gross anatomy (9 decks)

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