exam 1

Question 1

anatomical position (4)

Answer 1

body standing erect
facing observer
arms at side
palms facing forward

Question 2

sagittal plane is aka

Answer 2

median plane is aka

Question 3

sagittal (median) plane is where

Answer 3

cuts body into left and right

Question 4

coronal plane aka

Answer 4

frontal plane aka

Question 5

coronal (frontal plane) is where

Answer 5

cuts body into posterior and anterior

Question 6

transverse plane aka

Answer 6

horizontal or axial plane aka

Question 7

epithelial tissue covers…

Answer 7

sheet covering external surface of the body (skin)
lines tubes and passageways to exterior
covers internal body cavities

Question 8

functions of epithelial tissue (4)

Answer 8

protection, secretion, sensation, absorption

Question 9

what does connective tissue do

Answer 9

binds structures together, supports body, aids in body maintenance

Question 10

types of connective tissue

Answer 10

loose and dense

Question 11

areolar tissue and adipose tissue are what type of tissue

Answer 11

loose connective tissue

Question 12

loose connective tissue…

Answer 12

binds parts together

Question 13

dense connective tissue can be (2)

Answer 13

fibrous or elastic

Question 14

types of dense connective tissue (5)

Answer 14

tendons
aponeurosis
ligament
fascia
dermis

Question 15

tendon attaches… (3)

Answer 15

muscle to bone
muscle to cartilage
muscle to muscle

Question 16

what is aponeurosis

Answer 16

like a sheet of tendon
similar to fascia

Question 17

types of aponeurosis (2)

Answer 17

abdominal aponeurosis
plantar fasciitis

Question 18

ligament connects… (3)

Answer 18

bone to bone
bone to cartilage
cartilage to cartilage

Question 19

what is fascia

Answer 19

layer of separation between muscles and other structures

Question 20

is fascia thinner or thicker than aponeurosis

Answer 20

thinner

Question 21

how can fascia contain infection

Answer 21

bedsheets example

Question 22

types of cartilage (3)

Answer 22

hyaline
elastic
fibrous

Question 23

calcified connective tissue

Answer 23

bone

Question 24

example of elastic cartilage

Answer 24

eustachian tube
epiglottis

Question 25

all of the _______ __________ in the body is involved in the production or reception of sound

Answer 25

elastic cartilage

Question 26

calcified connective tissue

Answer 26

bone

Question 27

cartilage covers the…..

Answer 27

articular facets of joint

Question 28

vertebral column, skull, ribs, and hyoid bone are parts of the _____ skeleton

Answer 28

axial

Question 29

3 types of joints

Answer 29

fibrous (immovable)
cartilaginous (yielding)
synovial (moveable)

Question 30

skeletal bones are functionally connected at _______ or _______

Answer 30

articulations or joints

Question 31

what connects two bones almost in direct contact

Answer 31

fibrous joint

Question 32

ex of fibrous joints

Answer 32

skull sutures
nasal bones
teeth

Question 33

cartilaginous joints ex

Answer 33

pubic symphysis
ribs to sternum
vertebra

Question 34

synovial joints ex

Answer 34

shoulder (ball & socket)
ribs to vertebra
finger joint (hinge)

Question 35

what type of joints is the most common

Answer 35

synovial

Question 36

______ ________ performs mechanical work by contracting

Answer 36

muscle tissue

Question 37

types of muscle tissue (3)

Answer 37

smooth
striated
cardiac

Question 38

striated aka

Answer 38

skeletal/voluntary

Question 39

what muscle is involuntary

Answer 39

smooth and cardiac

Question 40

ex smooth muscle

Answer 40

stomach
intestines
blood vessels

Question 41

combination f=of striated and smooth muscle

Answer 41

cardiac muscle

Question 42

attachment that is fixed or moves less

Answer 42

origin

Question 43

structure being acted upon or moved via contraction

Answer 43

insertion

Question 44

joint =

Answer 44

fulcrum (F)

Question 45

where muscle is attached and how its moved

Answer 45

force/effort arm (E)

Question 46

what is being moved

Answer 46

load arm (origin) (L)

Question 47

force arm > resistance arm

Answer 47

mechanical advantage

Question 48

force arm < resistance arm

Answer 48

mechanical disadvantage

Question 49

class 1 ex

Answer 49

neck extension arm extension (tricep)

Question 50

may operate with mechanical advantage or disadvantage

Answer 50

class 1

Question 51

always operates with a mechanical advantage

Answer 51

class 2

Question 52

class 2 ex

Answer 52

jaw opening against resistance

Question 53

2

load is between effort arm and fulcrum

Answer 53

class 2

Question 54

fulcrum is in between effort arm and load arm

Answer 54

class 1

Question 55

most common lever system

Answer 55

class 3

Question 56

always operate with mechanical disadvantage

Answer 56

class 3

Question 57

class 3 ex

Answer 57

arm flexion

Question 58

head bending forward

Answer 58

flexion

Question 59

head bending back

Answer 59

extension

Question 60

retrusion

Answer 60

jaw going back

Question 61

protrusion

Answer 61

jaw going forward

Question 62

abduction

Answer 62

away from body

Question 63

adduction

Answer 63

toward body

Question 64

vascular tissue

Answer 64

fluid tissues such as blood or lymph

Question 65

when a muscle fiber is stimulated, it ….

Answer 65

shortens

Question 66

motor unit

Answer 66

array of one motor neuron and its muscle fiber

Question 67

motor endplate

Answer 67

junction of final motor neuron and muscle fiber

Question 68

innervation ratio

Answer 68

number of muscle fibers innervated by single motor neuron

Question 69

lower or higher innervation ratio for finer movements

Answer 69

lower

Question 70

ways to build up force within a muscle (3)

Answer 70

firing rate
recruitment of motor units
recruitment of other muscles

Question 71

agonist

Answer 71

main muscle involved in moving muscle

Question 72

fixator

Answer 72

contracts to steady a body part while movement is happening

Question 73

synergist

Answer 73

muscle that compliments the action of the agonist

Question 74

antagonist

Answer 74

acts in opposition of the agonist