Physiology of Reproduction: Gametogenesis and Female Cycles

Question 1

Define haploid complement (n)

Answer 1

Haploid complement (n)

• Having only one set of chromosomes (n), in contrast to diploid (2n)
• Known as a gamate (reproductive cell)

Question 2

Define gametogenesis

Answer 2

Gametogenesis

• Is the process of gamate formation which involves nuclear division by meiosis, resulting in a haploid (half the number of chromostomes)

Question 3

Define homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

Homologous Chromosomes

• ​A cell that has two sets of chromosomes (2n), one from the mother and the other from the father

Question 4

Define zygote

Answer 4

Zygote

• _​​_A fertilized egg

Question 5

Define diploid (2n)

Answer 5

Diploid (2n)

• Having two sets of chromosomes (2n)
• Body cells

Question 6

Define mitosis

Answer 6

Mitosis

• Somatic (body) cell division; nuclear division in which the duplicated chromosomes separate to form two genetically identical daughter nuclei

Question 7

Define meiosis

Answer 7

Meiosis:

• A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell,

Question 8

Define meiosis I

Answer 8

Meiosis I

• The first round of cell division in meiosis
• Referred to as “reduction division” because homologous chromosomes separate, and the daughter cells have only the haploid number of chromosomes

Question 9

Define meiosis II

Answer 9

Meiosis II

• The second round of division in meiosis, during which two haploid cells from meiosis I undergo a mitosis like division without DNA replication to produce four haploid daughter cells

Question 10

Define stem cell

Answer 10

Stem cell

• an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation

Question 11

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 11

DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle.

(Prior to mitosis and meiosis)

Question 12

Define spermatogonium.

Answer 12

Spermatogonium

• Stem cells (2n) which originates in the wall of the seminiferous tubules and eventually divides into two primary spermatocytes (2n)

Question 13

Define spermatogenesis.

Answer 13

Spermatogenesis

• “Human sperm production”
• The process of gametogenesis in males which occurs in the seminiferous tubules
  *

Question 14

Define primary spermatocyte.

Answer 14

Primary spermatocyte

• Originated from spermatogonium through mitosis
• Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells containing 46 chromosomes.

Question 15

Define secondary spermatocyte

Answer 15

Secondary Spermatocyte

• Primary spermatocytes (2n) that undergo meiosis to become haploid (n)
• Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that contain 23 chromosomes.

Question 16

Define spermatids

Answer 16

Spermatids

• an _immature male sex cel_l formed from a secondary spermatocyte that can develop into a spermatozoa without further division

Question 17

Define functional sperm

Answer 17

Functional Sperm

• Mature male reproductive cell that is haploid (n)

Question 18

Histology.

Answer 18

1. Spermatogonium (2n)
2. Primary spermatocyte (2n)
3. Secondary spermatocyte (n)
4. Early spermatids (n)
5. Late spermatids (n)
6. Spermatogenesis
7. Functional sperm (spermatozoa) (n)
8. Sertoli (nurse) cells’ nucleus (2n)

Question 19

Spermatogenesis Histology

Answer 19

Spermatogenesis

1. Spermatogonia (2n)
2. Primary spermatocyte (2n)
3. Secondary spermatocyte (n)
4. Spermatids (n)

Question 20

Spermatogenesis Histology

Answer 20

Spermatogenesis

1. Primary spermatocyte (2n)
2. Secondary spermatocyte (n)
3. Sperm (n)
4. Spermatid (n)
5. Sertolic cells (2n)
6. Spermatogonia (2n)

Question 21

Spermatogenesis Histology

Answer 21

Spermatogenesis

1. Sertoli cells (2n)
2. Secondary spermatocyte (n)
3. Primary spermatocyte (2n)
4. Spermatid (n)

Question 22

Spermatogenesis Histology

Answer 22

Spermatogenesis

1. Primary spermatocyte (2n)
2. Secondary spermatocyte (n)
3. Spermatogonia (2n)
4. Leydig cells (interstitual endocrinocytes) (2n)

Question 23

Identify the structure and its parts

Answer 23

1. Head with acrosome
2. Midpiece (body)
3. Tail
4. Sperm (spermatozoa)
5. 23 chromosomes (n)

Question 24

Define follicle.

Answer 24

Follicle

• A saclike structure that the immature ovum develops in

Question 25

Define _oogenesis_

Answer 25

_Oogenesis_ * Female gamate formation that occurs in the ovaries

Question 26

Define _follicular cells (granulosa cells)_

Answer 26

_Follicular cells (granulosa cells)_ * Follicular cells are the surrounding cells of the follicle (single layer) * Granulosa cells is more than one layer of cells around the follicle * Occurs before birth

Question 27

Define _primordial follicle_

Answer 27

_Primordial Follicle_ * Single layer of squamouslike follicle cells that encapsulate the oogonia during fetal development * Before birth and through infancy and childhood

Question 28

Define _primary oocyte_

Answer 28

_Primary Oocyte_ *

Question 29

What is the correlation between the primary follicle and primary oocyte?

Question 30

What is the secondary follicle?

Question 31

What is the correlation between the secondary follicle and primary oocyte?

Question 32

Define mature (Graafian/vesicular) follicle

Question 33

Define anturm

Question 34

Define secondary oocyte

Question 35

What is the correlation between the mature follicle, anturm, and secondary oocyte?

Question 36

Define corpus luteum

Question 37

Define albicans

Question 38

Define oogonia

Question 39

Label 1-8

Answer 39

1. Ovarian suspensory ligament 2. Cortex 3. Corpus luteum 4. Graafian follicle at ovulation 5. Secondary oocyte 6. Corona radiata 7. Oocyte 8. Primary follicle

Question 40

Label 9-16

Answer 40

9. Germinal epithelium 10. Secondary follicle 11. Corpus albicans 12. Pri-mor-dial follicle 13. Corpus hemorr-hag-icum 14. Medulla 15. Ovarian ligament 16. Ovarian artery and vein