Physiology of Reproduction: Gametogenesis and Female Cycles Flashcards
Define haploid complement (n)
Haploid complement (n)
- Having only one set of chromosomes (n), in contrast to diploid (2n)
- Known as a gamate (reproductive cell)
Define gametogenesis
Gametogenesis
- Is the process of gamate formation which involves nuclear division by meiosis, resulting in a haploid (half the number of chromostomes)
Define homologous chromosomes
Homologous Chromosomes
- A cell that has two sets of chromosomes (2n), one from the mother and the other from the father
Define zygote
Zygote
- __A fertilized egg
Define diploid (2n)
Diploid (2n)
- Having two sets of chromosomes (2n)
- Body cells
Define mitosis
Mitosis
- Somatic (body) cell division; nuclear division in which the duplicated chromosomes separate to form two genetically identical daughter nuclei
Define meiosis
Meiosis:
- A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell,
Define meiosis I

Meiosis I
- The first round of cell division in meiosis
- Referred to as “reduction division” because homologous chromosomes separate, and the daughter cells have only the haploid number of chromosomes
Define meiosis II

Meiosis II
- The second round of division in meiosis, during which two haploid cells from meiosis I undergo a mitosis like division without DNA replication to produce four haploid daughter cells
Define stem cell
Stem cell
- an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation
When does DNA replication occur?
DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle.
(Prior to mitosis and meiosis)
Define spermatogonium.
Spermatogonium
- Stem cells (2n) which originates in the wall of the seminiferous tubules and eventually divides into two primary spermatocytes (2n)
Define spermatogenesis.
Spermatogenesis
- “Human sperm production”
- The process of gametogenesis in males which occurs in the seminiferous tubules
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Define primary spermatocyte.
Primary spermatocyte
- Originated from spermatogonium through mitosis
- Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells containing 46 chromosomes.
Define secondary spermatocyte
Secondary Spermatocyte
- Primary spermatocytes (2n) that undergo meiosis to become haploid (n)
- Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that contain 23 chromosomes.
Define spermatids
Spermatids
- an _immature male sex cel_l formed from a secondary spermatocyte that can develop into a spermatozoa without further division
Define functional sperm
Functional Sperm
- Mature male reproductive cell that is haploid (n)
Histology.

- Spermatogonium (2n)
- Primary spermatocyte (2n)
- Secondary spermatocyte (n)
- Early spermatids (n)
- Late spermatids (n)
- Spermatogenesis
- Functional sperm (spermatozoa) (n)
- Sertoli (nurse) cells’ nucleus (2n)
Spermatogenesis Histology

Spermatogenesis
- Spermatogonia (2n)
- Primary spermatocyte (2n)
- Secondary spermatocyte (n)
- Spermatids (n)
Spermatogenesis Histology

Spermatogenesis
- Primary spermatocyte (2n)
- Secondary spermatocyte (n)
- Sperm (n)
- Spermatid (n)
- Sertolic cells (2n)
- Spermatogonia (2n)
Spermatogenesis Histology

Spermatogenesis
- Sertoli cells (2n)
- Secondary spermatocyte (n)
- Primary spermatocyte (2n)
- Spermatid (n)
Spermatogenesis Histology

Spermatogenesis
- Primary spermatocyte (2n)
- Secondary spermatocyte (n)
- Spermatogonia (2n)
- Leydig cells (interstitual endocrinocytes) (2n)
Identify the structure and its parts

- Head with acrosome
- Midpiece (body)
- Tail
- Sperm (spermatozoa)
- 23 chromosomes (n)
Define follicle.
Follicle
- A saclike structure that the immature ovum develops in
Define oogenesis
Oogenesis
- Female gamate formation that occurs in the ovaries
Define follicular cells (granulosa cells)

Follicular cells (granulosa cells)
- Follicular cells are the surrounding cells of the follicle (single layer)
- Granulosa cells is more than one layer of cells around the follicle
- Occurs before birth
Define primordial follicle
Primordial Follicle
- Single layer of squamouslike follicle cells that encapsulate the oogonia during fetal development
- Before birth and through infancy and childhood
Define primary oocyte
Primary Oocyte
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What is the correlation between the primary follicle and primary oocyte?
What is the secondary follicle?
What is the correlation between the secondary follicle and primary oocyte?
Define mature (Graafian/vesicular) follicle
Define anturm
Define secondary oocyte
What is the correlation between the mature follicle, anturm, and secondary oocyte?
Define corpus luteum
Define albicans
Define oogonia
Label 1-8
- Ovarian suspensory ligament
- Cortex
- Corpus luteum
- Graafian follicle at ovulation
- Secondary oocyte
- Corona radiata
- Oocyte
- Primary follicle
Label 9-16
- Germinal epithelium
- Secondary follicle
- Corpus albicans
- Pri-mor-dial follicle
- Corpus hemorr-hag-icum
- Medulla
- Ovarian ligament
- Ovarian artery and vein