Physiology of Reproduction (Breeding and Mating)

Question 1

A structure in the brain that secretes GnRH

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

What hormone regulates the anterior
pituitary gland to secrete FSH (Follicle
Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing
Hormone) into the blood which stimulates the
production production of the ovarian ovarian hormones, hormones, estrogen estrogen
and progesterone, which in turn regulate the
reproductive process.

Answer 2

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 3

Oxytocin is released from?

Answer 3

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 4

The primary structures of the
female reproductive tract

Answer 4

Ovaries

Question 5

Each ovary is surrounded by a thin
membrane called

Answer 5

infundibulum

Question 6

Acts as a
funnel to collect ova and divert
them to the oviduct.

Answer 6

infundibulum

Question 7

Is about 6-10 inches long and acts
as the site of fertilization.

Answer 7

Oviduct

Question 8

in this area where
the sperm remain viable and with
fecundating capacity about 24
hours, forming the sperm reservoir

Answer 8

Isthmus

Question 9

They act as a passageway for sperm to reach the
oviduct and are the site of
fetal development.

Answer 9

Uterine Horn

Question 10

Small
compared to some other
species, is located at the
junction of the two uterine
horns.

Answer 10

Uterine body

Question 11

a muscular
junction between the
vagina and uteri. It is the
site of semen deposition
during natural mating and
AI. It is dilated during heat
(estrus) but constricted
during the remainder of
the estrous cycle and
during pregnancy.

Answer 11

Cervix

Question 12

extends from the cervix to the vulva
and serves as copulatory organ, a passageway forurine and the piglets at birth.

Answer 12

Vagina

Question 13

The bladder is
connected to the
vagina by the?

Answer 13

urethra

Question 14

The external portion of the reproductive tract. It is vascularized, often
becomes red and swollen just prior to estrus and this swollen
condition is usually more pronounced in gilts than in sows and
it serves as one more tool to detect if a sow is in heat.

Answer 14

Vulva

Question 15

Found at the bottom part of the vulva, when stimulated may induce hormones responsible for
initiating muscular contractions in the reproductive tract

Answer 15

Clitoris

Question 16

Produces sperm in the
semeniferous tubules;
produces testosterone

Answer 16

Testis

Question 17

Protects testis and regulates
temperature of testis

Answer 17

Scrotum

Question 18

Sperm maturation; storage; transport

Answer 18

Epididymis

Question 19

Passageway for urine and semen

Answer 19

Urethra

Question 20

Aids in erection

Answer 20

Sigmoid flexure

Question 21

Semen delivery to cervix

Answer 21

Glans penis

Question 22

produce the largest portion of seminal fluid
(energy sources, buffers and ions).

Answer 22

Seminal vesicle

Question 23

Flushing out urine and any bacteria in the tract before entry of sperm into the
urethra

Answer 23

Prostate

Question 24

gelatin plug or
tapioca

Answer 24

Cowpers gland or bulbo urethral gland

Question 25

It is stimulated by GnRH to produce two hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), collectively referred to as gonadotropins.

Answer 25

Pituitary gland

Question 26

Increasing estrogen secretion as the oocyte and follicle mature towards ovulation (release of the egg)

Answer 26

Follicular phase

Question 27

Increasing progesterone from development of corpus luteum. Phase of physiological changes surrounding the determination of pregnancy.

Answer 27

Luteal phase

Question 28

Stage of follicular phase where estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are secreted increasing in preparation for estrus. Small pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) also begin to be released.

Answer 28

Proestrus

Question 29

Stage of follicular phase where oocyte has reached maturity. Estrogen, FSH, and LH secretion peaks, causing the follicle to rupture and ovulation to occur.

Answer 29

Estrus

Question 30

estrogen, LH, and FSH have all declined and the female is no longer sexually receptive to the boar. The ovarian follicles, which released oocytes during ovulation, begin the process of luteinization to become the corpus hemmorhagicum, and then the corpus luteum. With the formation of the corpus luteum (CL, or 'yellow body') progesterone secretion begins

Answer 30

Metestrus

Question 31

the longest stage of the estrous cycle because recognition of pregnancy happens during this phase.

Answer 31

Diestrus

Question 32

Hormone released by the uterus to regress the corpus luteum

Answer 32

Prostaglandin

Question 33

Hormone that maintains pregnancy

Answer 33

Progesterone

Question 34

Physiological changes spermatozoa must undergo in order to have the ability to penetrate and fertilize an egg.

Answer 34

Capacitation

Question 35

T or F: Gilts generally remain in heat longer than mature sows.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

A part of the estrus period when the animal is accepting the boar but negative to the care taker’s test

Answer 36

Boar Phase I

Question 37

The same with Boar Phase I except that it is after the insemination phase.

Answer 37

Boar Phase II

Question 38

Period when the animal will show positive reaction to the boar and the caretaker

Answer 38

Insemination Phase

Question 39

The blastocyst enter the uterus, about _ days after fertilization

Answer 39

2 days

Question 40

One of the most critical periods of pregnancy is from approximately _______ after mating

Answer 40

day 11-16

Question 41

Generally, the presence of at least ____ blastocysts are required in order for pregnancy to continue.

Answer 41

5 blastocycsts

Question 42

fetal period begins at approximately day ___?

Answer 42

day 36

Question 43

T or F: Embryos which die before day 35 are usually reabsorbed by the dam

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Advantages of early pregnancy detection

Answer 44

 To cull or re-bred non-pregnant  Feed wasting females  It gives early warning of breeding troubles such as infantile boars and cystic ovaries, and  It enables the producer to make more effective use of his breeding facilities and to plan more adequately for farrowing, nursing and finishing

Question 45

T or F: Pregnant gilts or sows are moved from gestating house to the farrowing house.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Hormone that causes contractions of smooth muscles in the milk glands (milk letdown) and in the uterus (expulsion of piglets)

Answer 46

Oxytocin

Question 47

Fetal feces

Answer 47

meconium

Question 48

Failure of the uterus to properly contract during parturition

Answer 48

Uterine inertia

Question 49

condition where shortly after farrowing blood vessels inside the vulva rupture, due to stretching, pressure or trauma to the tissues

Answer 49

Vulval hematoma

Question 50

Treatment for bleeding or Hemorrhage

Answer 50

Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) at 2.5 mg/kg

Question 51

This minimizes tail biting problems later on during the weaning or fattening stages.

Answer 51

Tail docking

Question 52

How many mg of iron should be given to piglet?

Answer 52

For 3 day old piglets, it should be 50mg/ml

Question 53

At birth, the piglets have __ mg iron reserves

Answer 53

50mg

Question 54

The piglet requires _ mg or Fe/day during the 1st week and __ mg at 3 weeks

Answer 54

7mg, 10mg

Question 55

The toxic dose of iron in piglets

Answer 55

600mg/kg bodyweight

Question 56

Iron toxicity may be prevented through injecting deficient sows with __ and ___ during pregnancy.

Answer 56

Vitamin E and selenium

Question 57

helps identify a pig's litter and which one of the litter it is, giving each pig a unique identity numberA V-notcher (top) used to notch the ears of small piglets for identification (bottom)

Answer 57

Ear notching

Question 58

a method of animal identification that can be used to measure performance, track treatments and withdrawal records, increase the accuracy of record keeping, track stock inventory and identify individual animals

Answer 58

Ear tagging

Question 59

 one of the easiest and most reliable forms of permanent animal identification. One disadvantage is that the identification mark cannot be read easily from a distance and may require a secondary method of identification, such as an ear tag

Answer 59

Ear tattooing

Question 60

Piglets are sometimes born with weak leg muscles and are not able to stand and walk properly such that their hind legs slip sideways. These hind legs slip sideways. These piglets sit characteristically with their hand legs spread apart.

Answer 60

Splay legs

Question 61

Feed/day (kg) given in stage 5 of pregnancy

Answer 61

None