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Reproduction Physiology > Physiology of Men and Women > Flashcards

Physiology of Men and Women Flashcards

1
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

Luteinising hormone

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2
Q

Functions of the ovary

A

Production of the egg

Production of oestrogen and progesterone

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3
Q

What does negative feedback allow?

A

Only one egg production per month

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4
Q

Which hormone causes positive feedback?

A

Oestrogen

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5
Q

What hormones initiate the growth of new follicles?

A

FSH and LH

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6
Q

What part of the cycle is an egg released?

A

Mid cycle

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7
Q

What happens in the follicular phase?

A

When an egg is released, LH surges and a positive feedback occurs which releases the egg
After the egg is released, the follicles dont have to grow anymore as negative feedback is in place

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8
Q

What happens in the luteal phase?

A

The follicle which has already released an egg forms a structure called the corpeus luteum which releases progesterone
The progesterone causes pregnancy changes in the womb

The corpeus luteum matures

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9
Q

What happens to the Corpeus luteum when there is no pregnancy?

A

Corpeus luteum disintegrates and turns from yellow to white - this is called corpus albicans

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10
Q

In the menstrual cycle, the uterus runs synchronously with the….

A

Ovaries

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11
Q

What happens in the proliferative stage of the womb?

A

Oestrogen is secreted which thickens and proliferates the lining of the womb

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12
Q

Function of oestrogen in the womb

A

Thickens and proliferates the lining of the womb

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13
Q

Function of progesterone in the womb

A

Dilates blood vessels

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14
Q

After what day, if there is no pregnancy, do the hormones drop?

A

Day 26

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15
Q

What happens when the hormones drop?

A

Menstrual bleed

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16
Q

The number of eggs you are born with is prefixed at how long gestation?

A

5 months in mother’s tummy

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17
Q

Number of eggs born with

A

2 million

18
Q

How many eggs are of use to us?

A

400

19
Q

Stem cells in the ovaries are called….

A

Oogonium

20
Q

Extragenetic material released in oogenesis is called…..

A

Polar bodies

21
Q

Menarchy definition

A

Period starting

22
Q

Biggest factor affecting fertility

A

Age

23
Q

Fertility has a dramatic drop after what age?

A

35

24
Q

What can occur in your period before menopause?

A

Irregular cycles

25
Q

Function of FSH in males

A

Stimulates sperm production

26
Q

Function of LH in males

A

Targets androgen production

27
Q

What does Sertoli cells produce?

A

Inhibin

28
Q

Interstitial (Leydig) Cells produce

A

Testosterone

29
Q

Function of Sertoli cells

A

Support sperm producing cells

30
Q

Targets for androgens

A

Secondary male sex chromosomes

Sustentacular cells in SF tubules

31
Q

Process of ejaculation

A
  1. Sperm created in the testis
  2. Sperm travels through the vas deferens to the urethra
  3. Seminal vesicles and prostate create semen, which is carried along with sperm to the urethra
  4. Sperm and semen travel through the urethra and are ejaculated out of the penis
32
Q

What would happen if the spermiogenesis didn’t occur?

A

Ejaculation would still happen and there would still be sperm. However the sperm would not be of much use

33
Q

How many spermatozoa are produced per day?

A

30 million

34
Q

How long does it take for the sperm to transport to the epididymis?

A

10-14 days

35
Q

How many sperm are released into ejaculate?

A

20-100 million per ml of ejaculate

36
Q

How much semen is needed for analysis?

A

4ml

37
Q

Factors affecting oogenesis/spermatogenesis

A

Hormonal control problems

Problems at the site of production

38
Q

Hormonal problems affecting oogenesis/spermatogenesis

A

Genetic
Tumours
Medications
Functional

39
Q

Problems at the site of production affecting oogenesis/spermatogenesis

A 
Genetic
Cancer treatment induced (radiochemotherapy)
Surgery 
Trauma
Infections e.g. mumps
40
Q

Fertilisation of the sperm and the egg occurs where?

A

In the fallopian tube

Reproduction Physiology (13 decks)

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