Maternal and Perinatal Mortality Flashcards
Maternal Mortality definition
Death of a women whilst pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy (irrespective of duration or site of pregnancy), from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes
Maternal morbidity definition
Severe health complications occurring in pregnancy and delivery not resulting in death
Maternal Mortality Ratio definition
Number of maternal deaths during time period per 100,000 live births during the same period
What does the maternal mortality ratio represent?
The risks associated with pregnancy
Maternal mortality Rate definition
Number of maternal deaths in a given time period per 100,000 women of reproductive age, or women-years risk exposure in the same time period
What does the maternal mortality rate represent?
The obstetric risk and ALSO the frequency at which women are exposed to that risk
Lifetime risk of maternal death definition
Probability of maternal death during a women’s reproductive life, usually expressed in terms of odds
What does the lifetime risk of maternal death measure
Womens risk of becoming pregnant as well as the womens risk of dying when pregnant
Proportionate mortality rate definition
maternal deaths as a proportion of all female deaths of those of reproductive age - usually defined as 15-49 years - in a given time period
Types of methods for measuring methods for maternal deaths
Facility based
Population/Community based
Facility based methods for measuring maternal deaths
Health info systems
Registries
Maternal Death review
Audit (critical incident/criterion based)
Population/Community based methods for measuring maternal deaths
Notification by law
Vital registration
Census
Survey surveillance (sisterhood method, verbal autopsy)
What is the sisterhood method?
Going into public areas and asking people about the maternal status of sisters
Types of maternal deaths
Direct deaths
Indirect deaths
Late deaths
Direct deaths definition
Those related to obstetric complications during pregnancy, labour or puerperium (6 weeks) or resulting from any treatment received (87%)
Indirect deaths definition
Those associated with a disorder, the effect of which is exacerbated by pregnancy (13%) e.g malaria
Late deaths definition
Occur >42 days after the end of pregnancy but within 1 year
Top Causes of maternal deaths worldwide
haemorrhage sepsis hypertensive disorders obstructed labour safe abortion indirect
The 3 Delays Model involves
- Delay in the decision to seek care
- Delay in reaching care
- Delay in receiving care
Delay in a decision to seek care involves
lack of understanding of complications
acceptance of maternal death
socio-cultural barriers to seeking care
low social status of women
Delay in reaching care involves
geographical e.g. mountains and rivers
lack of transport
Delay in receiving care involves
supplies
poorly trained personell with punitive attitude
How can we prevent maternal mortality?
antenatal care
skilled attendant at birth
emergency obstetric care
Antepartum stillbirth definition
Dies before birth, still in the womb
Intrapartum stillbirth definition
Dies whilst being born
Still born definition
Birth of a dead baby after 20/24/28 weeks of gestation weighing more than 500g
Cut off gestation for still born definition
24 weeks
Early neonatal death definition
Death of a baby within the first week of life
Late neonatal death definition
Death of a baby within the first 28 days of life
Perinatal mortality includes
Stillbirth and neonatal mortality
Infant mortality definition
Death of an infant within the 1st year of life
Child mortality definition
Death of a child within the first 5 years of life
Essential newborn care package involves
ensure baby is breathing
start on breastfeeding straight away
keeping the baby warm
wash hands before touching the baby
