Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro-Endo Exam 1 > Physiology of ANS > Flashcards

Physiology of ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetics exit the CNS at what two regions?

A

Cervical and Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sympathetics exit the CNS at what 2 regions?

A

Thoracic and Lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is true of parasympathetics?

A. Long pre-synaptic fibers and long post-synaptic fibers

B. Short pre-synaptic fibers and long pre-synaptic fibers

C. Long pre-synaptic fibers and short post-synaptic fibers

D. None of the above

A

Long pre-synaptic fibers and short post-synaptic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ganglia of the sympathetic chain is found along either side of the ________

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In a simple reflex arc when you burn your hand, the pain information is sent directly to the ________ from _______ fibers.

A. Brain; efferent

B. Spinal cord; afferent

C. Brain; afferent

D. Spinal cord; efferent

A

Spinal cord; afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In a reflex arc the spinal cord sends what type of neurons to activate the muscles to remove it from the pain stimulus?

A

alpha-motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do we need an autonomic reflex arc?

A

in order to supply the reflexes of the smooth muscle and viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

For an autonomic reflex arc, information is process in which of the following locations?

A. Spinal cord

B. Superior cervical ganglia

C. Inferior cervical ganglia

D. Hypothalmus

A

Hypothalmus

processing occurs in the brain, or more specifically within the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: In skeletal muscle reflex arc there is only one neuron, but in the ANS there are 2 neurons between the CNS and the end organ

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the autonomic reflex arc, the first synapse is essentially the same between parasympathetics and sympathetics in terms of what preganglionic fibers release and the postganglionic receptors expressed. What molecule is released, and what receptor is expressed in the first synapse?

A

Acetylcholine

Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The synapse at the target organ does not look like the traditional NMJ, but instead are describied as swellings on the nerve fiber found along the smooth muscle. What is the name of these swellings?

A

Varicosities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The pre-synaptic terminal in the ANS reflex arc is FUNCTIONALLY the same as a NMJ, but the post-synaptic terminal is different. How does it differ?

A

The post-synaptic terminal has receptors all over it in an attempt to “catch” the signalneruotransmitter which is released over a much broader area

“Mail man putting mail in box vs. throwing it in your yard”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The second synpase of parasympathetic NS branch releases what neurotransmitter to what receptor at the target organ?

A. Acetylcholine to Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor

B. Acetylcholine to Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor

C. Norepinephrine to Beta receptor

D. Norepinephrine to Muscatinic Cholinergic Receptor

A

Acetylcholine to Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

All of the following Muscarinic recepotrs are involved with Gq/11 EXCEPT for which of the following? (there may be more than 1)

A. M1R

B. M2R

C. M3R

D. M4R

E. M5R

A

M2R

M4R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What Gx receptor does M2R and M4R associate with? What does this receptor do when activated?

A. Gq

B. Gi

C. Gs

D. None

A

Gi

decreases the amount of cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does Gq do?

A

Increase the amount of intracellular Ca2+

17
Q

Which of the following Muscarinic receptors is found in the CNS and causes me to secrete stomach acid or salivate?

A. M1R

B. M2R

C. M3R

D. None

A

M1R

18
Q

Which of the following Muscarinic receptors causes contraction in smooth muscle cells such as exocrine glands and sweat glands?

A. M1R

B. M2R

C. M3R

D. None

A

M3R

19
Q

Which of the following Muscarinic receptors slows the heart rate by opening potassium channels and hyperpolarizing or repolarizing cardiac muscle?

A. M1R

B. M2R

C. M3R

D. None

A

M2R

20
Q

The second synpase of SYMPATHETIC NS branch releases what neurotransmitter to what receptor at the target organ?

A. Acetylcholine to Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor

B. Acetylcholine to Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor

C. Norepinephrine to alpha receptors

D. Norepinephrine to adrenergic receptor

A

Norepinephrine to adrenergic receptor

21
Q

T/F: Adrenergic Receptors are members of the same metatropic/serpentine surper family as muscarinic but are only activated by norepinephrine and epinephrine

A

True

22
Q

Which of the following adrenergic receptor subclasses are associated with Gq?

A. alpha-1

B. alpha-2

C. beta-1

D. beta-2

E. beta-3

A

alpha-1

23
Q

Which of the following adrenergic receptor subclasses are associated with Gi?

A. alpha-1

B. alpha-2

C. beta-1

D. beta-2

E. beta-3

A

alpha-2

24
Q

All of the Beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes are coupled to what G? What does it do?

A

Gs

increases production of adenylate cyclase and cAMP

25
Q

Using your mneumonics, what are the activities inspired by alpha-1 receptors?

A
  1. Contraction of blood vessels, urinary tracts, reproductive tracts, and iris muscles (cause dilatioon of iris)
  2. Lipolysis of adipose tissue
  3. Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis on the liver
  4. Reduce watery secretions of lacrimal glands
    * Dry eye, glucose guy that contracts BPI*
26
Q

Using your mneumonics, what are the activities inspired by alpha-2 receptors?

A
  1. Contraction of GI sphincter
  2. Clotting via platelets
  3. Increase glucagon and decrease insulin in the pancreas
  4. Dilation of blood vessels
    * Tight-ass, PC Dictator*
27
Q

Using your mneumonics, what are the activities inspired by beta-1 receptors?

A
  1. Increase heart rate (SA node faster, ventricle muscle stronger contraction)
  2. Lipolysis
  3. Thicker salivary gland secretions (dry mouth)
    * Dry mouth, more heart, can’t Lose*
28
Q

Using your mneumonics, what are the activities inspired by beta- 2 receptors?

A
  1. Glycogenolysis by the Liver
  2. Flatten lens (see far)
  3. Relaxation of: Vessels, Bronchioles, Urinary/Reproductive, GI
    * Sweet, Far out, VBUG*
29
Q

Using your mneumonics, what are the activities inspired by beta-3 receptors?

A
  1. White fat: lipolysis
  2. Brown fat: heat production
    * Fat*
30
Q

What cells found in the adrenal medulla make and secrete epinephrine?

A. Chromatin cells

B. Muffin cells

C. Chromatic muffin cells

D. Chromaffin cells

A

Chromaffin cells

31
Q

For the sympathetic system, the sympathetic axons go through the _______ instead of synapsing, and go to the __________. This is like the pre-ganglionic trajectory.

A

For the sympathetic system, the sympathetic axons go through the gangla instead of synapsing, and go to theadrenal medulla. This is like the pre-ganglionic trajectory.

32
Q

What receptor types are found on the chromaffin cells that Ach binds to and causes the release of epinephrine?

A. Alpha Adrenergic

B. Beta Adrenergic

C. Nicotinic

D. Muscarinic

A

Muscarinic

Neuro-Endo Exam 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions