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Neuro-Endo Exam 1 > Eye Development > Flashcards

Eye Development Flashcards

1
Q

What structures of the eye are derivatives of neural ectoderm? (5ish)

A

Retina (all)

Iris smooth muscle

Iris pigmented epithelium

Ciliary body epithelium

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2
Q

In this flashcard deck we specified the structures that come from the surface ectoderm (2) and neural ectoderm. Is it true that everything else is from the mesenchyme?

A

Yes

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3
Q

When we talk about the mesenchyme we are talking about what two populations?

A

Mesoderm and Neural Crest cells

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4
Q

The origin of the eye comes off the developing forebrain which is called?

A. Diencephalon

B. Procencephalon

C. Telencephalon

D. Please Stop

A

Procencephalon

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5
Q

Which of the following structures is only seen from the inside of the procencephalon as an invagination within the neuroectoderm?

A. Optic Vesicle

B. Optic Sulcus

C. Optic Stalk

D. Optic Fissue

A

Optic Sulcus

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6
Q

During the 5th week, the optic vesicle forms on the surface ectoderm portion of the optic sulcus (the invagination within the procencephalon), grows out and eventually becomes which of the following?

A. Optic Fissure

B. Optic Sulcus

C. Optic Stalk

D. Optic Cup

A

Optic Cup

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7
Q

What is the name of the structure that initially connects the optic cup to the brain?

A. Optic Fissure

B. Optic Stalk

C. Optic Sulcus

D. It goes by many names

A

Optic Stalk

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8
Q

The development of the optic cup begins at which of the following week?

A. week 4

B. week 5

C. week 6

D. week 7

A

Week 4

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9
Q

Below in figure D is the depiction of the invaginated optic cup. Where is the outer and inner layer of the optic cup in figure D.?

A

The outer layer is attached to the optic stalk

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10
Q

What is the optic stalk made of?

A. Surface ectoderm

B. Mesenchyme

C. Neural Ectoderm

A

Neural Ectoderm

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11
Q

As the optic cup invaginates and begins to form its inner and outer layers, we begin to form which of the following structures that extends along the optic stalk?

A. Optic sulcus

B. Optic fisher

C. Optic fissure

D. Optic ganglion

E. Retina

A

Optic fissure

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12
Q

What vessels run within the the optic fissure?

A. Hyaloid A. and N.

B. Hyaline cartilage

C. Central A.

D. Hyaloid A and V

A

Hyaloid A and V

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13
Q

In the Retina, the neural retina is the _______ layer, while the pigmented retina is the ______ layer

A

In the Retina, the neural retina is the INNER layer, while the pigmented retina is the OUTER layer

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14
Q

The entirety of the retina, comes from neural ectoderm while only some parts of the iris and ciliary body come from neural ectoderm. This is because the iris and the ciliary come off the tips of the Optic cup. Which of their structures are from neuroectoderm?

A

Iris: Epithelium and Smooth muscle (Sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae)

Ciliary Body: Epithlium

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15
Q

What are the ONLY 2 MUSCLES in the entire human body that come from neural ectoderm?

A

Sphincter Pupillae and Dilator Pupillae of the iris

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16
Q

What is the name of the space that is found between the pigmented and neural retinal layers before they fuse together?

A. Supraretinal space

B. Infraretinal space

C. Inferior retinal space

D. Superior retinal space

A

Infraretinal space

17
Q

What are two diseases that you might see a detached retina in?

A

Downs Syndrome

Marfan’s Syndrome

18
Q

Which of the following correctly describes Aniridia?

A. Lack of retinal tissue or complete absence of retina due to a Pax6 gene mutation

B. Lack of ciliary body or complete absence of cilary body due to a Pax6 gene mutation

C. Lack of optic n. or complete lack of optic n. due to a Pax6 gene mutation

D. Lack of iris tissue or complete absence of iris due to a Pax6 gene mutation

A

Lack of iris tissue or complete absence of iris due to a Pax6 gene mutation

19
Q

What might cause Aniridia?

A. Arrested development of the rim of the optic cup during the 6th week

B. Arrested development of the retina’s pigmented layer during the 8th week

C. Arrested development of the whole eye during week 4

D. Arrested development of the rim of the optic cup during the 8th week

A

Arrested development of the rim of the optic cup during the 8th week

20
Q

Which of the following is the thickening of the surface ectoderm that occurs through the cell to cell interaction of the optic cup and surface ectoderm?

A. Lens Pit

B. Lens Placode

C. Lens vesicle

D. None

A

Lens placode

21
Q

The invagination of teh lens placode forms the _______, and the rounding up of that structure leads to the formation of the _______

A

The invagination of teh lens placode forms the lens pit, and the rounding up of that structure leads to the formation of the lens vesicle

22
Q

The Anterior lens epithelium, Primary lens fibers, and Secondary lens fibers all come from which of the following?

A. Surface ectoderm

B. Neuroectoderm

C. Mesenchyme

A

Surface ectoderm

23
Q

While the epithelium of the cornea is surface ectoderm, the stroma is ____________

A

While the epithelium of the cornea is surface ectoderm, the stroma is mesenchyme

24
Q

Conginital cataracts is when the lens is opaque and can frequently appear grayish white. It has several causes that include genetics, radiation, enzyme deficiency and Rubella virus. When is the lens most vulnerable to Rubella Virus?

A. Week 4-6

B. Week 4-7

C. Week 4-8

D. Week 4-9

A

Week 4-7

25
Q

T/F: Congenital galactosemia appear 2-3 weeks after birth caused from galactose from milk to accumulate in blood and tissues

A

True

26
Q

What layer of the choroid is heavily neural crest and attaches to the pia and arachnoid layer?

A. Inner Layer

B. Outer layer

C. Any layer

A

Inner Layer

27
Q

The pupillary membrane, is part of the sclera, and is a transient structure that initially covers the lens as it is developing. Normally in the 6-8 months in utero it begins to disappear

A

Cool

28
Q

The aqueous humor is made by which of the following structures?

A. Choriod

B. Ciliary body

C. Scleral Venous Sinus

D. Ciliary epithelium

A

Ciliary body

29
Q

The posterior chamber is between the lens and the iris, while the anterior chamber is between the cornea and the lens.

A

Yes

30
Q

The aqueous humor is reabsorbed by which of the following sinuses?

A. Scleral venous sinus

B. Cavernous sinus

C. Capillary sinus

D. Maxillary sinus

A

Scleral venous sinus

31
Q

Glaucoma compared to catarcts, glaucoma turns the whole pupil/iris opaque, due to the elevated intraocular pressure. What does congenital glaucoma result from?

A. Abnormal development of the posterior chamber

B. Abnormal development of the drainage mechanism of aqueous humor

C. Abnormal development of the scleral venous sinus

D. B and C

A

B. Abnormal development of the drainage mechanism of aqueous humor

C. Abnormal development of the scleral venous sinus

32
Q

The Hyaloid A. is a branch of the opthalmic artery that supplies the inner layer of optic cup, lens vesicle, and mesenchyme in the optic cup. This artery eventually becomes what?

A

Central A.

33
Q

Choroidal vessels develop during which of the following weeks?

A. Week 11

B. Week 12

C. Week 13

D. Week 15

A

Week 15

34
Q

T/F: Normally the hyaloid artery degenerates, but when the distal portion of the artery persists, we can see it through a fundoscope

A

True

35
Q

T/F: The optic nerve comes from neuroectoderm. It IS the optic stalk

A

FALSE; no no no

The optic stalk only gives theoptic nerve a way to travel

36
Q

Coloboma is when it seems theres a little piece of the iris missing. It can be caused by environmental factors, or is an autosomal dominant characteristic. Specifically though, how does this abnormality develop?

A

The Optic Fissure fails to completely close, and this leaves a gap in the eye structures

Neuro-Endo Exam 1 (17 decks)

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