Physiology II Flashcards
Roles of the Pulmonary (Respiratory) system
Regulate plasma levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Regulate plasma pH
Protect against inhaled pathogens
Provide an adequate surface for gas exchange with the external environment
Assure adequate alveolar air movement by alterations in rate and depth of ventilation
Support vocalization of sound
pneumothorax
collapsed lung
define: tidal volume: residual volume: expiratory reserve volume: inspiratory reserve volume: vital capacity: total lung volume:
tidal volume: normal breathing
residual volume: what’s left after MAX exhale
expiratory reserve volume: max exhale after tidal
inspiratory reserve volume: max inhale after tidal
vital capacity: total- residual
total lung volume: total lung volume
blood gas factors that influence pulmonary ventilation
PCO2 and PO2
role of chemoreceptors in regulating pulmonary ventilation
Peripheral chemoreceptors: Located in carotid and aortic arteries Specialized glomus cells Sense changes in PO2, pH, and PCO2 low PO2->K+ channels close-> cell depolarizes-> Ca channels open, allowing Ca in-> exocytosis of neurotransmitters-> signal to medulla
Central chemoreceptors:
Changes in CO2
primary homeostatic roles of the renal system
Regulate extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure Regulate osmolarity Maintain ion balance Regulate pH Excrete waste Produce hormones
Primary homeostatic roles of the GI system
Provide a connection with the external environment for ingesting nutrients and eliminating wastes
Regulate the secretory and motility processes involved in normal gut function
Assure that ingested nutrients are digested to absorbable forms
Provide an absorptive surface for nutrients (etc.) uptake
Protect against ingested pathogens
basic processes of digestive system
digestion, motility, secretion, and absorbtion; affected by neural and hormonal processes: secretion and motility
mucosa adaption for secreting hydrogen ions
parietal cells break up water, send out H oppositely with K using ATP, pump HCO2 into interstitial fluid