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Foundations Of Medicine > Immunology Terms (thanks to Chris) > Flashcards

Immunology Terms (thanks to Chris) Flashcards

1
Q
  • T cell Receptor
A

Needs antigen + MHC complex

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2
Q
  • B cell Receptor
A

Binds Antigen, leads to MHCII presentation and activation by T-Helpers

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3
Q
  • MHC class I molecule
A

On all nucleated cell, presents foreign information of viral info (CD8)

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4
Q
  • MHC class II molecule
A

DC cells, Macrophages, and B Cells, present engulfed foreign particle

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5
Q
  • CD1
A

Related to MHC I activation on all cells

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6
Q
  • Primary response for antibody production
A

Lag period in response because antigen is educating secondary immune cell. IgM first produced (weak affinity), then IgG response (IgG levels remain for a long time)

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7
Q
  • Secondary response for antibody production
A

Faster response due to the remaining IgG and memory

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8
Q
  • Memory
A

Adaptive Immune retaining response in B Cells

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9
Q

Myelocytes

A

Stem Cells in Bone Marrow

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10
Q
  • Dendritic cells
A

Identifies PAMP’s and presents to and activates T Cells (only one that can)

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11
Q
  • Macrophage
A 
Phagocytosis/bactericidal mechanisms in tissue, less round shape
o	Kupfer Cell in Liver
o	Osteoclast in Bone
o	Histiocyte in Soft Tissue
o	Foam Cell in Plaque
o	Microglia in CNS
o	Multinucleated in Granuloma
antigen presenting, unlike neutrophils
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12
Q
  • Monocyte
A

= Found in blood, spherical

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13
Q
  • Mast cell
A

Vesicles with triggered, discriminant release of histamine, heparin, TNFa. Starts Inflammation response due to TLR’s can be activated by complement

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14
Q
  • Basophils
A

Reside in draining lymph nodes near parasites and allergies activated by complement

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15
Q
  • Eosinophil
A

Allergies and large parasite. Fc Receptor for IgE, degranulate

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16
Q
  • Neutrophil
A

Most abundant cell in circulation (stuck to lining), diapedesis due to stress. Fc receptors for IgG’s and complement. Can phagocytose and secrete lysozymes. Reaction can also harm the body.

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17
Q
  • CD4+ Helper T cell
A

Recognize MHC II activate B Cells

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18
Q
  • CD8+ Cytotoxic T cell
A

Recognizes MHC I Induce Apoptosis

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19
Q
  • Natural killer Cell
A

Kill cells that do not have MHC1 and induce apoptosis

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20
Q
  • Natural killer T cell
A

Found in Gut/antibacterial

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21
Q
  • γδ T cell
A

Antibacterial, mucosal associated

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22
Q
  • B-1 cell
A

High levels of IgM (Not Adaptive)

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23
Q
  • B-2 cell
A

Resting Mature B Cell (Memory Cell)

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24
Q

Centrocyte

A

Not Replicating Activated B-Cell (negatively selected)

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25
Q
  • Plasma cell
A

Antibody secreting B Cell, Express (ILR7)

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26
Q
  • Follicular Dendritic cell
A

Found in secondary lymph organs, help with B-Cell Differentiation, expresses receptor that binds complement bound to antigen

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27
Q
  • Th0
A

Activated Helper T Cell (IL2, Not IL12)

28
Q
  • Th1
A

Activates Memory T Cells, Secretes IFNgamma to induce Macrophage phagocytosis

29
Q
  • Th2
A

Help with B-Cell Differentiation, parasites

30
Q
  • Th17
A

= inflammatory Response cytokines, Fungi

31
Q
  • T-reg cells
A

= Produces IL10, shutting down other T Cells

32
Q
  • Role of IFNγ
A

Secreted by TH1, activates Macrophage Phagocytosis

33
Q
  • TGFβ
A

Treg inhibition of lymphocytes and macrophages

34
Q
  • IL4
A

Signal for Naïve T Cell to TH-2, Signals for B-Cell Class switch (IgE)

35
Q
  • IL-2
A

Autocrine signal released from Naïve T cell due to DC MHCII bound to Naïve T-Cell. Signals for development into mature T-cell in all T Cells

36
Q
  • Antigen presenting cells (Professional)
A

Dendritic Cell, Macrophage, Plasma Cell

37
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Genetically hardwired, rapid, limited

38
Q
  • Complement
A

Limited innate immune protein cascade response produced by liver, drives phagocytosis, increases inflammatory response

39
Q
  • Sentinel cells
A

Cells responsible for discovering infection (Macrophages, DCs, Specialized TCells)

40
Q
  • Extravasation
A

Neutrophil passing through endothelium to enter tissue. Initiated by CXCL8

41
Q
  • Integrin
A

Expressed by sites of inflammation to facilitate Extravasation

42
Q

Selectin

A

Binding protein on endothelium that Neutrophils bind for extravasation

43
Q
  • Role of Macrophage in inflammation
A

Control Protein levels in blood

44
Q
  • Role of Pro-Inflammatory cytokines
A

IL1 IL6 TNFa
o Activate Complement
o Mobilization of Neutrophils
o Increased body temperature, protein and energy mobilization
o Dendritic Cell recruitment for Adaptive Immune Initiation

45
Q
  • Acute Phase Response
A

o IL6 from macrophages signals for synthesis of Acute phase response proteins
o Mannose-Binding lectin = binds Mannose
o C-reactive Protein = opsoninization of bacteria

46
Q
  • Primary lymphoid organs
A

Bone Marrow (B Cell Mature), Thymus (Mature B Cells, Activated T Cells), Fetal Liver (Mast Cells)

47
Q
  • Secondary lymphoid organs
A

Site of lymphocyte education matching T and B cells to antigen. Lymph nodes, Peyers patch, spleen, appendix, tonsils

48
Q
  • Role of the Dendritic cell
A

Phagocytosis of non-self, via TLRs.

49
Q
  • Lymphocyte activation
A

Mature DC activate naïve T Cell development via MHC ClassII

50
Q
  • High endothelial venule
A

Primary lymphocytes express (CD62L), which allows entrance into lymph node via High Endothelial Lymph Node. Follicular Dendric Cells in HEV attract B-Cells for differentiation

51
Q
  • Humoral response, when is IgD present
A

IgD expression = cell has never been exposed to antigen on Follicular Dendritic Cell

52
Q
  • Resting mature B cells (B2)
A

Not yet specific, secrete IgM and IgD antibodies

53
Q

Centrocyte

A

Not Replicating Activated B-Cell (negatively selected)

54
Q
  • Memory B-cell
A

Long Lasting, specific antibody secreting B-Cell (reason for secondary response)

55
Q
  • Plasma cell
A

Differentiated B-Cell (any type of antibody secreted)

56
Q
  • Clonal expansion
A

Replication of Specific B Cell after TH2 activation (positive selection)

57
Q
  • Somatic hypermutation
A

Making a very refined antibody via effective binding

58
Q
  • Class switching
A

TH2 mediated switch of Plasma Cell Produced Antibody isotype (IgG, IgM, IgD)

59
Q
  • Role of Th1
A

(IFNγ, Promotes macrophage activity, promotes macrophage mediated inflammation
o Activated through TLR2 pathways
o Increases Macrophage Activity
o Promotes more TH1 production

60
Q
  • Role of Th2
A

(IL-4, Humoral activity, allergy)

o Promotes more TH2 production

61
Q
  • Role of Th17
A

(IL-17, Inflammation and Neutrophil actions)

o Inflammatory response and neutrophil recruitment

62
Q
  • Role of Treg
A

(TGF-β/IL-12, Down regulates antigen specific T cell activity)
o Activated via TLR4, decreasing macrophage activity (Allows for fungal infection)

63
Q
  • Mantoux test and delayed type hypersensitivity
A

o Induce TH1 reaction via local macrophages expressing MHCII-TB antigen

64
Q
  • Measles
A

drives a Th2 response that allows for secondary infections
o Measles infects nodes and kills T-Cells
o DC shift the TH2 response, allows for continued infection
o Immune system very compromised

65
Q

Skin

A
  • Parasites, Protozoa, Fungal, Viral
  • Langerhans
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages
  • Eosinophils
66
Q

Interstitial

A
  • Virus and Bacteria
  • Macrophage
  • CD4+ Helper T Cell
  • Cytotoxic T Cell
  • NK Cells
67
Q

Mucosal

A
  • Bacterial and Viruses
  • Macrophage
  • Dendritic Cell
  • Gamma-delta T Cell
  • B1 Cells

Foundations Of Medicine (20 decks)

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