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Foundations Of Medicine > Immunology Terms (thanks to Chris) > Flashcards

Immunology Terms (thanks to Chris) Flashcards

1
Q
  • T cell Receptor
A

Needs antigen + MHC complex

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2
Q
  • B cell Receptor
A

Binds Antigen, leads to MHCII presentation and activation by T-Helpers

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3
Q
  • MHC class I molecule
A

On all nucleated cell, presents foreign information of viral info (CD8)

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4
Q
  • MHC class II molecule
A

DC cells, Macrophages, and B Cells, present engulfed foreign particle

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5
Q
  • CD1
A

Related to MHC I activation on all cells

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6
Q
  • Primary response for antibody production
A

Lag period in response because antigen is educating secondary immune cell. IgM first produced (weak affinity), then IgG response (IgG levels remain for a long time)

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7
Q
  • Secondary response for antibody production
A

Faster response due to the remaining IgG and memory

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8
Q
  • Memory
A

Adaptive Immune retaining response in B Cells

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9
Q

Myelocytes

A

Stem Cells in Bone Marrow

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10
Q
  • Dendritic cells
A

Identifies PAMP’s and presents to and activates T Cells (only one that can)

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11
Q
  • Macrophage
A 
Phagocytosis/bactericidal mechanisms in tissue, less round shape
o	Kupfer Cell in Liver
o	Osteoclast in Bone
o	Histiocyte in Soft Tissue
o	Foam Cell in Plaque
o	Microglia in CNS
o	Multinucleated in Granuloma
antigen presenting, unlike neutrophils
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12
Q
  • Monocyte
A

= Found in blood, spherical

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13
Q
  • Mast cell
A

Vesicles with triggered, discriminant release of histamine, heparin, TNFa. Starts Inflammation response due to TLR’s can be activated by complement

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14
Q
  • Basophils
A

Reside in draining lymph nodes near parasites and allergies activated by complement

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15
Q
  • Eosinophil
A

Allergies and large parasite. Fc Receptor for IgE, degranulate

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16
Q
  • Neutrophil
A

Most abundant cell in circulation (stuck to lining), diapedesis due to stress. Fc receptors for IgG’s and complement. Can phagocytose and secrete lysozymes. Reaction can also harm the body.

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17
Q
  • CD4+ Helper T cell
A

Recognize MHC II activate B Cells

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18
Q
  • CD8+ Cytotoxic T cell
A

Recognizes MHC I Induce Apoptosis

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19
Q
  • Natural killer Cell
A

Kill cells that do not have MHC1 and induce apoptosis

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20
Q
  • Natural killer T cell
A

Found in Gut/antibacterial

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21
Q
  • γδ T cell
A

Antibacterial, mucosal associated

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22
Q
  • B-1 cell
A

High levels of IgM (Not Adaptive)

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23
Q
  • B-2 cell
A

Resting Mature B Cell (Memory Cell)

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24
Q

Centrocyte

A

Not Replicating Activated B-Cell (negatively selected)

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25
- Plasma cell
Antibody secreting B Cell, Express (ILR7)
26
- Follicular Dendritic cell
Found in secondary lymph organs, help with B-Cell Differentiation, expresses receptor that binds complement bound to antigen
27
- Th0
Activated Helper T Cell (IL2, Not IL12)
28
- Th1
Activates Memory T Cells, Secretes IFNgamma to induce Macrophage phagocytosis
29
- Th2
Help with B-Cell Differentiation, parasites
30
- Th17
= inflammatory Response cytokines, Fungi
31
- T-reg cells
= Produces IL10, shutting down other T Cells
32
- Role of IFNγ
Secreted by TH1, activates Macrophage Phagocytosis
33
- TGFβ
Treg inhibition of lymphocytes and macrophages
34
- IL4
Signal for Naïve T Cell to TH-2, Signals for B-Cell Class switch (IgE)
35
- IL-2
Autocrine signal released from Naïve T cell due to DC MHCII bound to Naïve T-Cell. Signals for development into mature T-cell in all T Cells
36
- Antigen presenting cells (Professional)
Dendritic Cell, Macrophage, Plasma Cell
37
Innate Immunity
Genetically hardwired, rapid, limited
38
- Complement
Limited innate immune protein cascade response produced by liver, drives phagocytosis, increases inflammatory response
39
- Sentinel cells
Cells responsible for discovering infection (Macrophages, DCs, Specialized TCells)
40
- Extravasation
Neutrophil passing through endothelium to enter tissue. Initiated by CXCL8
41
- Integrin
Expressed by sites of inflammation to facilitate Extravasation
42
Selectin
Binding protein on endothelium that Neutrophils bind for extravasation
43
- Role of Macrophage in inflammation
Control Protein levels in blood
44
- Role of Pro-Inflammatory cytokines
IL1 IL6 TNFa o Activate Complement o Mobilization of Neutrophils o Increased body temperature, protein and energy mobilization o Dendritic Cell recruitment for Adaptive Immune Initiation
45
- Acute Phase Response
o IL6 from macrophages signals for synthesis of Acute phase response proteins o Mannose-Binding lectin = binds Mannose o C-reactive Protein = opsoninization of bacteria
46
- Primary lymphoid organs
Bone Marrow (B Cell Mature), Thymus (Mature B Cells, Activated T Cells), Fetal Liver (Mast Cells)
47
- Secondary lymphoid organs
Site of lymphocyte education matching T and B cells to antigen. Lymph nodes, Peyers patch, spleen, appendix, tonsils
48
- Role of the Dendritic cell
Phagocytosis of non-self, via TLRs.
49
- Lymphocyte activation
Mature DC activate naïve T Cell development via MHC ClassII
50
- High endothelial venule
Primary lymphocytes express (CD62L), which allows entrance into lymph node via High Endothelial Lymph Node. Follicular Dendric Cells in HEV attract B-Cells for differentiation
51
- Humoral response, when is IgD present
IgD expression = cell has never been exposed to antigen on Follicular Dendritic Cell
52
- Resting mature B cells (B2)
Not yet specific, secrete IgM and IgD antibodies
53
Centrocyte
Not Replicating Activated B-Cell (negatively selected)
54
- Memory B-cell
Long Lasting, specific antibody secreting B-Cell (reason for secondary response)
55
- Plasma cell
Differentiated B-Cell (any type of antibody secreted)
56
- Clonal expansion
Replication of Specific B Cell after TH2 activation (positive selection)
57
- Somatic hypermutation
Making a very refined antibody via effective binding
58
- Class switching
TH2 mediated switch of Plasma Cell Produced Antibody isotype (IgG, IgM, IgD)
59
- Role of Th1
(IFNγ, Promotes macrophage activity, promotes macrophage mediated inflammation o Activated through TLR2 pathways o Increases Macrophage Activity o Promotes more TH1 production
60
- Role of Th2
(IL-4, Humoral activity, allergy) | o Promotes more TH2 production
61
- Role of Th17
(IL-17, Inflammation and Neutrophil actions) | o Inflammatory response and neutrophil recruitment
62
- Role of Treg
(TGF-β/IL-12, Down regulates antigen specific T cell activity) o Activated via TLR4, decreasing macrophage activity (Allows for fungal infection)
63
- Mantoux test and delayed type hypersensitivity
o Induce TH1 reaction via local macrophages expressing MHCII-TB antigen
64
- Measles
drives a Th2 response that allows for secondary infections o Measles infects nodes and kills T-Cells o DC shift the TH2 response, allows for continued infection o Immune system very compromised
65
Skin
- Parasites, Protozoa, Fungal, Viral - Langerhans - Neutrophils - Macrophages - Eosinophils
66
Interstitial
- Virus and Bacteria - Macrophage - CD4+ Helper T Cell - Cytotoxic T Cell - NK Cells
67
Mucosal
- Bacterial and Viruses - Macrophage - Dendritic Cell - Gamma-delta T Cell - B1 Cells

Foundations Of Medicine (20 decks)

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