Physiology - from Ganong's 23rd ed Chapter 21 - Endocrine Pancreas

Question 1

Which of the following are INCORRECTLY paired?
A) B cells : insulin
B) D cells : somatostatin
C) A cells : glucagon
D) pancreatic exocrine cells : chymotrypsinogen
E) F cells : gastrin

Answer 1

E. (the F cells release pancreatic polypeptide)

Question 2

Which of the following are INCORRECTLY paired?
A) adrenaline : increased glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle
B) insulin : increased protein synthesis
C) glucagon : increased gluconeogenesis
D) progesterone : increased plasma glucose level
E) growth hormone : increased plasma glucose level

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be seen 14 days after a rat is injected with a drug that kills all of its pancreatic B cells?
A) a rise in the plasma H+ concentration
B) a rise in the plasma glucagon concentration
C) a fall in the plasma HCO3- concentration
D) a fall in the plasma amino acid concentration
E) a rise in plasma osmolality

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When the plasma glucose concentration falls to low levels, a number of different hormones help combat the hypoglycaemia. After intravenous administration of a large dose of insulin, the return of a low blood sugar level to normal is delayed in
A) adrenal medullary insufficiency
B) glucagon deficiency
C) combined adrenal medullary insufficiency and glucagon deficiency
D) thyrotoxicosis
E) acromegaly

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Insulin increases the entry of glucose into
A) all tissues
B) renal tubular cells
C) the mucosa of the small intestine
D) most neurons in the cerebral cortex
E) skeletal muscle

Answer 5

E

Question 6

Glucagon increases glycogenolysis in liver cells but ACTH does not because
A) cortisol increases the plasma glucose level
B) liver cells have an adenylyl cyclase different from that in adrenocortical cells
C) ACTH cannot enter the nucleus of liver cells
D) the membranes of liver cells contain receptors different from those in adrenocortical cells
E) liver cells contain a protein that inhibits the action of ACTH

Answer 6

D

Question 7

A meal rich in proteins containing the amino acids that stimulate insulin secretion but low in carbohydrates does not cause hypoglycaemia because
A) the meal causes a compensatory increase in T4 secretion
B) cortisol in the circulation prevents glucose from entering muscle
C) glucagon secretion is also stimulated by the meal
D) the amino acids in the meal are promptly converted to glucose
E) insulin does not bind to insulin receptors if the plasma concentration of amino acids is elevated

Answer 7

C