Physiology Extra

Question 1

how much oxygen per dissolved blood at 100mmhg

Answer 1

3ml/l

Question 2

whats in LARGE synaptic vesicles

Answer 2

neuropeptides

Question 3

what happens to alveolar ventilation as RR increases

Answer 3

decreases

Question 4

what does anatomical dead space equal in a healthy person

Answer 4

physiological dead space

Question 5

how does noradrenaline increase HR

Answer 5

increase calcium and depolarising membrane in stage 4

Question 6

what has the greatest effect on bloods ability to transport o2

Answer 6

Hb

Question 7

normal gfr

Answer 7

125ml.min

Question 8

activates pepsin

Answer 8

HCL

Question 9

terminates pepsin

Answer 9

pancreatic juice

Question 10

adrenergic receptors that increase AV node

Answer 10

B1 B2

Question 11

What does HDL to

Answer 11

takes cholesterol to liver

Question 12

what does a deficiency of B oxidation fatty acids cause

Answer 12

cardiomyopathy

Question 13

what initially happens to o2 curve at altitude

Answer 13

goes left as increase RR

Question 14

dig and K

Answer 14

high makes tox worse, low increases chance of tox

Question 15

what do CD4 cells lack

Answer 15

Fc

Question 16

what does ACH do to renal flow

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

what do medullary chemoreceptors monitor

Answer 17

H and indirectly co2

Question 18

Glomerular pressure compared to systemic

Answer 18

40%

Question 19

what do carotid and aortic bodies respond to

Answer 19

ph, co2 and o2

Question 20

o2 needed at depth
v/q mismatch

Answer 20

less
exaggerated

Question 21

how do thyroid hormones work

Answer 21

same as steroid

Question 22

M and H gate

Answer 22

Question 23

where in tubule is interstitial and intratublar osmolality the same

Answer 23

descending limb

Question 24

why does LV work harder

Answer 24

greater afterload

Question 25

where do prostaglandins mainly act

Answer 25

where they are produced

Question 26

role of surfactant

Answer 26

reduce surface tension and stop pulmonary oedema

Question 27

particles less than 0.1 microns

Answer 27

absorbed by alveoli

Question 28

respiration control in exercise sleep

Answer 28

above medulla medulla

Question 29

what is saltatory conduction decreased NA

Answer 29

myelin decreases impulse

Question 30

what increases smooth muscle contraction

Answer 30

ACh and phospho p opposite to skeletal

Question 31

mass action

Answer 31

desaturated HB carring co2

Question 32

what can happen to the curve in stored blood/

Answer 32

shift left

Question 33

antibodies to what with repeated transfusions

Answer 33

m n kel duffy

Question 34

greatest wall thickness to lumen ratio temp

Answer 34

arterioles AV anastamoses

Question 35

where does blood go during fainting

Answer 35

skeletal muscle

Question 36

highest o2 consumption at rest

Answer 36

heart

Question 37

what clots milk

Answer 37

rennin

Question 38

what is linked to heriditary angioedema

Answer 38

kinins

Question 39

where does NA/K/CL exchange occur togther N/H N/CL

Answer 39

thick ascending limb via co-transporter thick ascending limb via exchanger DCT co transporter

Question 40

Troponin T I C

Answer 40

binds T to **T**ropomysin **I**nhibits binding site for **C**alcium

Question 41

significant ST change in chest leads

Answer 41

0.5mm

Question 42

hypokalaemia ecg

Answer 42

long PR st depression flattened T U Long QT **QRS WIDE HYPER**

Question 43

where does true acethylcholine esterase function

Answer 43

nerve endings

Question 44

what goes up after partial hepatectomy

Answer 44

oestrogen

Question 45

what fat has SNS

Answer 45

brown

Question 46

co2 excretion at exercise

Answer 46

8l/min

Question 47

what is needed for alveolar gas equation

Answer 47

fi02

Question 48

sodium in renal disease

Answer 48

increased resorption

Question 49

what gas to CAI cause

Answer 49

hypokalaemic metabolic acidosis

Question 50

where is pepsin formed

Answer 50

stomach

Question 51

cardiac axis

Answer 51

Question 52

normal Na reabsorbed over 24 hours

Answer 52

99%

Question 53

what does a high V/Q ratio cause

Answer 53

anatomical dead space

Question 54

how is co2 carried

Answer 54

60% bicarb via carbonic anhydrase and carbonic acid 10% dissolved

Question 55

how much sodium is reabsorped in collecting duct

Answer 55

3%

Question 56

how much more soluble in blood is co2 over o2

Answer 56

20

Question 57

equation for compliance

Answer 57

C =V/P use litres

Question 58

summary kidney ion transport

Answer 58

aldosterone causes H secretion via h/atpase pump h/K exchanger in collecting duct k/na/cl co transporter in PCT or na/h exchange

Question 59

how does norad cause coronary vessel dilatation

Answer 59

secondary mediators via b adrenergic

Question 60

how does urinary sodium compare to plasma usually?

Answer 60

lower

Question 61

how many ach vesicles released per time

Answer 61

60

Question 62

small dense vesicles

Answer 62

catecholamines

Question 63

when is a third heart sound normal

Answer 63

young healthy people

Question 64

what to PG do to renal blood flow

Answer 64

increase cortex decrease medulla

Question 65

carbonic anhydrase equation

Answer 65

Question 66

what does ANP do to capillaries

Answer 66

leaky

Question 67

how is ATP used in muscle contraction

Answer 67

contraction and relaxation

Question 68

what removes ACH outside of synapose

Answer 68

non specific ACHesterase

Question 69

gastric PH when fasting?

Answer 69

1

Question 70

what do thyroid hormones to do circuation

Answer 70

reduce peripheral vascular resistance same as valsalva

Question 71

how may you measure physiolical dead space

Answer 71

bohr

Question 72

when is lung best ventilated

Answer 72

on its side

Question 73

why does more air go to alveoli at base? where is V/Q the lowest

Answer 73

more compliant base

Question 74

what can conrol pancretic secretion

Answer 74

ACH

Question 75

principal buffer in interstitial fluid

Answer 75

carbnic acid

Question 76

main buffers

Answer 76

blood - protein intracellular - phosphate interstitum - carbonic acid