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Primary exam - extra > Physiology Extra > Flashcards

Physiology Extra Flashcards

1
Q

how much oxygen per dissolved blood at 100mmhg

A

3ml/l

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2
Q

whats in LARGE synaptic vesicles

A

neuropeptides

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3
Q

what happens to alveolar ventilation as RR increases

A

decreases

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4
Q

what does anatomical dead space equal in a healthy person

A

physiological dead space

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5
Q

how does noradrenaline increase HR

A

increase calcium and depolarising membrane in stage 4

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6
Q

what has the greatest effect on bloods ability to transport o2

A

Hb

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7
Q

normal gfr

A

125ml.min

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8
Q

activates pepsin

A

HCL

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9
Q

terminates pepsin

A

pancreatic juice

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10
Q

adrenergic receptors that increase AV node

A

B1 B2

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11
Q

What does HDL to

A

takes cholesterol to liver

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12
Q

what does a deficiency of B oxidation fatty acids cause

A

cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

what initially happens to o2 curve at altitude

A

goes left as increase RR

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14
Q

dig and K

A

high makes tox worse, low increases chance of tox

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15
Q

what do CD4 cells lack

A

Fc

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16
Q

what does ACH do to renal flow

A

increases

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17
Q

what do medullary chemoreceptors monitor

A

H and indirectly co2

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18
Q

Glomerular pressure compared to systemic

A

40%

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19
Q

what do carotid and aortic bodies respond to

A

ph, co2 and o2

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20
Q

o2 needed at depth
v/q mismatch

A

less
exaggerated

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21
Q

how do thyroid hormones work

A

same as steroid

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22
Q

M and H gate

A
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23
Q

where in tubule is interstitial and intratublar osmolality the same

A

descending limb

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24
Q

why does LV work harder

A

greater afterload

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25
Q

where do prostaglandins mainly act

A

where they are produced

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26
Q

role of surfactant

A

reduce surface tension and stop pulmonary oedema

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27
Q

particles less than 0.1 microns

A

absorbed by alveoli

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28
Q

respiration control in exercise

sleep

A

above medulla

medulla

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29
Q

what is saltatory conduction

decreased NA

A

myelin

decreases impulse

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30
Q

what increases smooth muscle contraction

A

ACh and phospho p

opposite to skeletal

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31
Q

mass action

A

desaturated HB carring co2

32
Q

what can happen to the curve in stored blood/

A

shift left

33
Q

antibodies to what with repeated transfusions

A

m

n

kel

duffy

34
Q

greatest wall thickness to lumen ratio

temp

A

arterioles

AV anastamoses

35
Q

where does blood go during fainting

A

skeletal muscle

36
Q

highest o2 consumption at rest

A

heart

37
Q

what clots milk

A

rennin

38
Q

what is linked to heriditary angioedema

A

kinins

39
Q

where does NA/K/CL exchange occur togther

N/H

N/CL

A

thick ascending limb via co-transporter

thick ascending limb via exchanger

DCT co transporter

40
Q

Troponin T

I

C

A

binds T to Tropomysin

Inhibits

binding site for Calcium

41
Q

significant ST change in chest leads

A

0.5mm

42
Q

hypokalaemia ecg

A

long PR

st depression

flattened T

U

Long QT

QRS WIDE HYPER

43
Q

where does true acethylcholine esterase function

A

nerve endings

44
Q

what goes up after partial hepatectomy

A

oestrogen

45
Q

what fat has SNS

A

brown

46
Q

co2 excretion at exercise

A

8l/min

47
Q

what is needed for alveolar gas equation

A

fi02

48
Q

sodium in renal disease

A

increased resorption

49
Q

what gas to CAI cause

A

hypokalaemic metabolic acidosis

50
Q

where is pepsin formed

A

stomach

51
Q

cardiac axis

A
52
Q

normal Na reabsorbed over 24 hours

A

99%

53
Q

what does a high V/Q ratio cause

A

anatomical dead space

54
Q

how is co2 carried

A

60% bicarb via carbonic anhydrase and carbonic acid

10% dissolved

55
Q

how much sodium is reabsorped in collecting duct

A

3%

56
Q

how much more soluble in blood is co2 over o2

A

20

57
Q

equation for compliance

A

C =V/P

use litres

58
Q

summary kidney ion transport

A

aldosterone causes H secretion via h/atpase pump

h/K exchanger in collecting duct

k/na/cl co transporter in PCT or na/h exchange

59
Q

how does norad cause coronary vessel dilatation

A

secondary mediators via b adrenergic

60
Q

how does urinary sodium compare to plasma usually?

A

lower

61
Q

how many ach vesicles released per time

A

60

62
Q

small dense vesicles

A

catecholamines

63
Q

when is a third heart sound normal

A

young healthy people

64
Q

what to PG do to renal blood flow

A

increase cortex

decrease medulla

65
Q

carbonic anhydrase equation

A
66
Q

what does ANP do to capillaries

A

leaky

67
Q

how is ATP used in muscle contraction

A

contraction and relaxation

68
Q

what removes ACH outside of synapose

A

non specific ACHesterase

69
Q

gastric PH when fasting?

A

1

70
Q

what do thyroid hormones to do circuation

A

reduce peripheral vascular resistance

same as valsalva

71
Q

how may you measure physiolical dead space

A

bohr

72
Q

when is lung best ventilated

A

on its side

73
Q

why does more air go to alveoli at base?

where is V/Q the lowest

A

more compliant

base

74
Q

what can conrol pancretic secretion

A

ACH

75
Q

principal buffer in interstitial fluid

A

carbnic acid

76
Q

main buffers

A

blood - protein

intracellular - phosphate

interstitum - carbonic acid

Primary exam - extra (5 decks)

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