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Primary exam - extra > extras > Flashcards

extras Flashcards

1
Q

what do inverse agonists do?

A

reduce constitutive activity at receptor (ability to fire without ligand)

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2
Q

What are spare receptors?

A

full respone without activating all receptors

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3
Q

rate limiting step of glycolytic pathway?

A

phosphofructokinase

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4
Q

where does poplieal artery begin?

A

adductor hiatus

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5
Q

what happens to resistance if two vessels are linked?

A

total rsistance is less that resistence of either vessel alone

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6
Q

what is reversible ischaemic injury characteised by?

A

K efflux from cells due to sodium pump failure

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7
Q

What do subcostal muscles do?

A

aid with expiration

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8
Q

how does ipratropium work in asmtha

A

blocks smooth muscle contraction

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9
Q

What is the most important mechanism for alteration in drug response?

A

differences in active transport mechanisms

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10
Q

oral bioavailability diazapam

A

100%

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11
Q

What drug can cause severe rebound hypertension when stopped

A

clonidine

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12
Q

what does GTN mainly work on

A

veins

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13
Q

flecanide class

A

1c

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14
Q

when should thrombolysis happen

A

under 3 hours

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15
Q

what causes nutmeg liver?

A

hypo perfusion

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16
Q

type of mutation in CF

A

deletions

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17
Q

what virus is molluscum from

A

pox

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18
Q

what causes acute hiv

A

cd8 cytotoxic cells

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19
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is transplant rejecion

A

2

3

4

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20
Q

how does vagal manoevure work on the heart

A

slows AV conducttion

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21
Q

where is most airway resisnance?

A

medium sized bronchioles

22
Q

what happens to RBC in caplillaies

A

increase in size due to osmosis

23
Q

what increases turbulence

A

increased velocity

24
Q

what causes visceral pain

A

distension

25
Q

most lateral thing in extensor compartment

A

fibularis tertuis

26
Q

common in acute lithium

A

tremor

N+V

27
Q

how long does roc last

A

25-35 mins

28
Q

testicular lymph

A

para aortic and lumbar

29
Q

what does SMA and SMV cross duodenum

A

inferior part

30
Q

surface anatomy for SVC

A

right border manubriaum and upper 1/3 sternum

31
Q

pattern of necrosis post MI

A

coagulative necrosis

32
Q

how many times more potent is fentanyl than morphin

A

100

33
Q

where does AT2 mainly act

A

arterioles

34
Q

what IV fluid is considered balanced

A

hartmanss

35
Q

what is placenta accreta?

A

in myometrium

36
Q

adh receptor

A

V2 aquaporin 2

37
Q

how does spiro work?

A

na/k exchange in CD by inhibiting aldosterone

38
Q

when do ectopics rupture

A

6 weeks

39
Q

lower limit urine ph

A

4.5

40
Q

how does gliclazide work?

A

release pre formed insulin

41
Q

where is glucose mainly reabsored in bowel

A

jejeunum

42
Q

what is a weak acid

strong?

A

can reversibly dissociate an anion and proton

strong acids completely dissociate

43
Q

what cancer causes polycytheamia

A

renal

44
Q

first step in tumour invasion?

A

loosening intracellular junctions

45
Q

toxic dose panadol

A

200mg.kg

46
Q

characteristics of central cord syndrom

A

motor upper>lower

47
Q

measles virus

A

paramoxy

48
Q

why is ibuprofen bad in heart disease

A

antagoniss platelet inhibition of aspirin

49
Q

norad receptor

A

equal alpha

B1>b2

50
Q

why is propofil short lived

A

rapid redistribution to fatty tissue

51
Q

how does TCA work?

A

block amine reupatake pumps at presynapse

52
Q

types of anti arrhtymic drugs

A

Primary exam - extra (5 decks)

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