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J ENT > PHYSIOLOGY - ear > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGY - ear Flashcards

1
Q

normal hearing range

A

0-20 dB HL

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2
Q

purpose of ossicles

A

amplifies sound

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3
Q

profound hearing loss range

A

> 90 dB HL

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4
Q

where in the cochlea is low sound frequency picked up

what length are the cilia

A

apex

short cilia

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5
Q

where in the cochlea is high sound frequency picked up

what length are the cilia

A

opening

long cilia

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6
Q

where are the hair cells (cilia) in respect to the basilar membrane

A

on top of the basilar membrane, in the organ of corti

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7
Q

which part of the ear is responsible for balance

A

5 end organs
otolith organs - utricle, saccule
semicircular canals - posterior, lateral, anterior (superior)

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8
Q

which plane does the utricle work in

A

horizontal

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9
Q

which plane does the sacclue work in

A

vertical

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10
Q

what are the otolith organs covered in

what are the otolith organs surrounded by

A

stereocilia

a ‘jelly’ with chalky calcium carbonate crystals in it (otoconia)

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11
Q

what is the significance of cilia and chalky calcium carbonate crystals when the head is moving

A

the stereocilia start firing APs to the brain when they feel the crystals moving

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12
Q

in the semicircular canals fluid enters when there is movement of the head

what is the fluid

where does the fluid enter

A

perilymph

ampulla (opening) of semicircular canals

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13
Q

what is the thing that the perilymph fluid moves in the ampulla of the semicircular canals when the head moves

what does this result in

A

cupula

stereocilia movement = AP generation

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14
Q

when you move your head to the left, which direction does the perilymph move the cupula

what reflex is this called

A

to the right

vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

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15
Q

what happens to the vestibule-ocular reflex (VOR) in R vestibular neuritis

A

decreased firing in R ear from neuritis = left is more powerful = brain thinks youre always looking left (bc its the excited side)

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16
Q

how do you test for vestibule-ocular reflex (VOR)

A

look for nystagmus when patient asked to look straight ahead

17
Q

which tuning fork do you use to test hearing with rinnes and webers tests

A

512Hz tuning fork (smallest one)

bc people tend to loose their high pitched hearing

18
Q

what is rinnes test (describe it)

A

put tuning fork in front and behind ear and ask which is louder

19
Q

in rinnes test, what is a normal finding

A

louder in front of ear than behind ear

air conduction is louder than bone conduction

20
Q

in rinnes test, what would you find in conductive hearing loss

A

louder behind ear (on mastoid process) than in front of ear

bone conduction is louder than air conduction (bc there is an obstruction stopping the air getting into the inner ear, but vibrations via the bones can still get into the inner ear)

21
Q

in rinnes test, what would you find in sensorineural hearing loss

A

louder in front of ear than behind

air conduction is louder than bone conduction

OR nothing (cant hear either) if severe sensorineural hearing loss

22
Q

describe webers test

A

place tuning fork in middle of forehead and ask which side it is louder in

23
Q

in webers test what is a normal finding

A

equal sound in both ears

24
Q

in webers test what is the finding of a conductive hearing loss

A

louder in the ear with pathology

25
Q

in webers test what is the finding of a sensorineural hearing loss

A

louder in the normal ear

bc the ear with the pathology legit cant hear

26
Q

in audiometry, which ear is X

A

left

‘bc X is not right’ = must be left

27
Q

in audiometry, what symbol is bone conduction

A

backwards C/normal C (looks kinda like a bone)

28
Q

less than .. decibels is normal on audiometry

A

20

29
Q

in audiometry of conductive hearing loss, what is bone and air conduction like

A

bone conduction is normal (<20) but air conduction is reduced

30
Q

in audiometry of sensorineural hearing loss , what is bone and air conduction like

A

both reduced to the same extent

31
Q

in mixed hearing loss, what is bone and air conduction like

A

both reduced but air more than bone

32
Q

aetiology of tympanometry with straight line

A

fluid in middle ear cavity

33
Q

aetiology of tympanometry with peak at neg pressure

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction

34
Q

aetiology of tympanometry with small peak at 0 pressure

A

stiff tympanic membrane eg ossicles ossification

35
Q

aetiology of tympanometry with massive peak at 0 pressure

A

hypermobile tympanic membrane/perforated eardrum

36
Q

which parts of the inner ear contains calcium carbonate crystals (like chalk)

A

otolith organs (saccule and utricle)

J ENT (11 decks)

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