Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

J ENT > Ear conditions > Flashcards

Ear conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what investigation might you do for an ear condition

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the 6 Ds of ear problems (important for comms skills)

A 
deafness 
discomfort (earache/pain) 
discharge
dizziness 
din din (tinnitus) 
defective face movement (eg bells palsy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aetiology of conductive hearing loss (4)

A

glue ear
earwax
cholesteatoma
otosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

with what type of hearing loss would you do a tympanometry

A

conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aetiology of sensorineural hearing loss (5)

A 
loud noise exposure 
aging (presbysusis)
genetics 
brain tumour 
gentamicin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who gets acute otitis media

A

kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is acute otitis media

A

inflammation/infection of the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

common bacteria in acute otitis media

think about cause and people

A

strep pneumonia
haem influenza
strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does acute otitis media come from

think about anatomy

A

URTI via Eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens when the URTI reaches the middle ear cavity in acute otitis media

how does this present clinically

A

inflammation
pus

= perforated ear drum (sometimes)

= pain and discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does the patient generally feel in acute otitis media

A

fever
lethargy
‘off food’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acute otitis media treatment

A

self limiting (4 days), paracetamol for pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acute otitis media treatment is persistent >4 days

A

amoxicillin PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

microbio of recurrent otitis media

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is there an infection in glue ear (otitis media with effusion)

A

NO!

unlike the name suggests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the fluid (glue like consistency) in glue ear (otitis media with effusion)

A

behind the tympanic membrane (middle ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is usually the aetiology of glue ear (otitis media with effusion)

A

eustachian tube dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which ages is glue ear (otitis media with effusion) common in

A

2, 5, 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does a kid with otitis media with effusion (glue ear) present (2)

A 
hearing loss (high TV volume, language delay, poor school performance)
no pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tests for glue ear (3)

A

otoscopy
audiometry
tympanometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

finding on otoscopy for glue ear

A

fluid (bubbles) behind ear drum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

finding on audiometry for glue ear

A

conductive hearing loss (bone conduction better than air conduction) by 20 decibels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tympanometry of glue ear

A

flat line = bc tympanic membrane cant vibrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

treatment of glue ear (2)

A

self limiting <3 months, see back in 3 months time

if persistent >3months = grommets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

is there earache and fever with otitis media with effusion (glue ear)

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

‘swimmers ear’

A

otitis externa

27
Q

aetiology of otitis externa

A

swimming
trauma from finger nails
lack of ear wax
hearing aids

think about it - they are all only applicable to the outer ear, not the middle ear

28
Q

otitis externa with black dots

what is the microbio

A

aspergillus niger

29
Q

microbio of otitis externa

A 
pseudomonas aeruginosa 
staph aureus 
aspergillus niger (black dots)
30
Q

how does the skin of the ear canal loop on otoscopy of otitis externa

A

red and swollen

31
Q

how will the patient present with otitis externa

A

painful
itchy
increased earwax
hearing reduced (from increased ear wax)

32
Q

at home treatment for otitis externa

A

clean and dry ear

33
Q

treatment of severe otitis externa (2 - fungal and bacterial)

A

topical clotrimazole - fungal

gentamicin drops - bacterial

34
Q

complication of otitis externa

A

malignant otitis

35
Q

what is malignant otitis

A

extension of otitis externa to mastoid and temporal bones

36
Q

microbio of malignant otitis

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

37
Q

presentation of malignant otitis

3 previous symptoms, 3 present symptoms

A

previous earache, discharge, hearing loss in one ear

now bad ear pain, headache, facial nerve palsy

38
Q

treatment of malignant otitis (2)

A

surgical debridement and antibiotics

39
Q

investigation for otitis externa

A

biopsy and culture of discharge

40
Q

investigation for malignant otitis

A

biopsy and culture of discharge

41
Q

what is cholesteatoma

A

abnormal stratified squamous epithelium in the middle ear

42
Q

aetiology of cholesteatoma

A

perforated tympanic membrane

chronic otitis media congenital

43
Q

where does the abnormal stratified squamous epithelium come from in cholesteatoma if the ear drum is perforated

A

external acoustic meatus

44
Q

who usually gets cholesteatomas

who can get cholesteatomas

A

kids

anyone

45
Q

what does the abnormal stratified squamous epithelium in the middle ear in cholesteatoma produce

that does this looks like

A

keratin

‘cheesy’ discharge (smells)

46
Q

what is the classification system for cholesteatoma

A

sade I-IV

47
Q

what nerve may be affected by cholesteatoma

how does this present

A

CN VII facial

facial paralysis (ipsilateral)

48
Q

cholesteatoma treatment

A

mastoid surgery

49
Q

cholesteatoma investigation

A

diffusion weighted MRI

otoscopy

50
Q

how would cholesteatoma look on otoscopy

A

pearly white

51
Q

complications of cholesteatomy

A

intracranial abscess

52
Q

what is a vestibular schwannoma

A

tumour of vestibular part of vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII

53
Q

what type of hearing loss does vestibular schwannomas present with

A

unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

54
Q

what is a bilateral schwannoma in a young person associated with

what else would you be looking for in this patient (1)

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

café au lait spots

55
Q

are vestibular schwannomas benign or malignant

A

benign

56
Q

vestibular schwannoma investigation and finding

A

MRI - looks like a golf ball

57
Q

blunt trauma to outer ear, looks swollen and red

no lacerations

A

pinna haematoma

58
Q

pinna haematoma treatment (2)

A

aspiration/drainage

antibiotics - to cover for secondary infection

59
Q

complication of untreated pinna haematoma

A

ischemic necrosis (cauliflower ear)

60
Q

treatment of ear laceration (3)

A

debridement
closure with stiches
antibiotics to prevent infection

61
Q

head trauma

‘battle sign’ bruising (behind ear on mastoid process)
hearing loss
facial nerve palsy
vertigo

A

temporal bone fracture

62
Q

is a transverse or longitudinal temporal bone fracture more likely to cause CN VII and CN VIII damage (hence sensorineural hearing loss)

A

transverse (it goes form front to back)

63
Q

is a transvers or longitudinal temporal bone fracture more likely to cause conduction hearing loss

A

longitudinal (bc it travels horizontally (ish) through the different parts of the ear)

64
Q

infection in early pregnancy
sensorineural hearing loss that presents age 2

what is the infection

A

cytomegalovirus

J ENT (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions