ANATOMY - ear

Question 1

what shape is the pterion

where is it

Answer 1

H shaped

lateral skull

Question 2

what type of bone is the pterion

Answer 2

squamous

Question 3

what is the pterion

Answer 3

suture joining the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

Question 4

which part of the temporal bone does the organs of hearing and balance sit in

Answer 4

petrous part of temporal bone

Question 5

where does the external ear go from/to

Answer 5

from external acoustic meatus to tympanic membrane

Question 6

which CN supplies sensory to the upper external acoustic meatus

Answer 6

CN V3 mandibular branch of trigeminal

Question 7

which CN supplies sensory to the inferior external acoustic meatus

Answer 7

CN X vagus

Question 8

what supplies sensory to peripheral auricle

Answer 8

C2 and C3 spinal nerves

Question 9

which CN supplies sensory to ‘dots’ of the medial auricle (dippy in bit)

Answer 9

CN VII facial

Question 10

what is the sticky outty bit of the ear (anterior) called

Answer 10

tragus

Question 11

what is the ear canal made of (2) be specific

Answer 11

temporal bone

elastic cartilage

Question 12

what kind of glands are in the ear canal

Answer 12

sebaceous glands

Question 13

what is the main sensory nerve supply to outer tympanic membrane (external acoustic meatus)

Answer 13

CN V3 (but also CN X) 
same as external acoustic meatus

Question 14

what is the sensory supply to the internal tympanic membrane

Answer 14

CN IX glossopharyngeal

same as all of middle ear AND Eustachian tube nerve supply bc it comes from the nasopharynx (near tongue))

Question 15

what is the nerve supply to the entire middle ear

Answer 15

CN IX glossopharyngeal (think bc Eustachian tube is connected to nasopharynx = near tongue)

Question 16

where can infection spread from the middle ear cavity to

what does this cause

Answer 16

mastoid

mastoiditis

Question 17

what is the muscle that attaches to the tympanic membrane

important for reducing noise when chewing

Answer 17

tensor tympani

Question 18

what are the 3 auditory ossicles (from external to internal)

Answer 18

malleolus
incus
stapes (‘stirrup’)

Question 19

what part of the malleolus attaches to the tympanic membrane

Answer 19

handle

Question 20

what part of the stapes attaches to the oval window

Answer 20

base

Question 21

joint types between ossicles

Answer 21

synovial

Question 22

is the epitympanic recess above or below the tympanic membrane

Answer 22

above

Question 23

what is the name of the tube between the middle ear cavity and the nasopharynx

nerve supply

Answer 23

Eustachian tube

CN IX (glossopharyngeal bc it enters near the tonsils/tongue)

Question 24

function of Eustachian tube

Answer 24

equalise pressure between ear and nasal cavity

Question 25

where can infection spread to the middle ear from via the Eustachian tube

Answer 25

tonsils/pharynx

Question 26

where is the inner ear cavity in between

Answer 26

the oval window and the internal acoustic meatus

Question 27

sound waves from cochlea travel to the brain via which meatus does it travel through

Answer 27

cochlear nerve CN VIII (part of vestibulocochlear nerve) internal acoustic meatus

Question 28

sound waves from semi circular ducts travel to the brain via which meatus does it travel through

Answer 28

vestibular nerve CN VIII (part of vestibulocochlear nerve) internal acoustic meatus

Question 29

what is the bone that holds the bony labyrinth called

Answer 29

dense otic capsule

Question 30

what type of fluid is in the bony labyrinth (the fluid that the membranous labyrinth 'floats' in)

Answer 30

perilymph

Question 31

what type of labyrinth is within the bony labyrinth

Answer 31

membranous labyrinth

Question 32

apart from perilymph, what is the other type of fluid in the bony labyrinth

Answer 32

endolymph

Question 33

how many turns are there in the cochlea

Answer 33

2 and a half

Question 34

what is the end/inner bit of the cochlea called

Answer 34

apex/copula

Question 35

what are the 5 end organs

Answer 35

``` utricle saccule ampulla of lateral semicircular canals ampulla of posterior semicircular canal ampulla of superior (anterior) semicircular canal ```

Question 36

which part of the outer ear is vibrated by sound

Answer 36

tympanic membrane

Question 37

vibration of the tympanic membrane in the outer ear causes vibration of ... (be specific)

Answer 37

ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 38

what is vibrated by vibration of the base of the stapes

Answer 38

vibration of oval window

Question 39

vibration in oval window creates pressure waves in which fluid

Answer 39

perilymph

Question 40

movement of perilymph causes what to move which results in then

Answer 40

basilar membrane hair cells = AP created

Question 41

which nerve takes AP from cochlea to the brain (be specific)

Answer 41

cochlear nerve CN VIII (part of vestibulocochlear nerve)

Question 42

what happens to vibrating fluid that travels back down the cochlea after creating AP

Answer 42

dampened down by the round window

Question 43

nerve supply of stapedius muscle (muscle that keeps the stapes bone form moving too much)

Answer 43

CN VII facial

Question 44

which nerve does CN VII facial share a similar path with (leaves the skull at the same foramen) what is this foramen

Answer 44

CN VIII vestibulocochlear internal acoustic meatus

Question 45

in relation to the middle ear, where does the facial nerve travel after it leaves the internal acoustic meatus in which canal

Answer 45

posterior to middle ear cavity facial canal

Question 46

what branches off of the facial nerve when it is in the facial canal behind the middle ear what happens to this branch

Answer 46

chorda tympani branch of CN VII facial enters middle ear cavity

Question 47

what foramen does the facial nerve CN VII leave the facial canal through

Answer 47

stylomastoid foramen

Question 48

which nerve does chorda tympani branch of CN VII hitch a ride with

Answer 48

CN V3

Question 49

what is the pneumonic for the 5 branches of the facial nerve CN VII (excluding chorda tympani branch) what are the 5 branches

Answer 49

Two Zanibar Buy Motor Car ``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular (think - its not maxillary bc you already have a zygomatic one so would be a bit pointless) Cervical ```

Question 50

generally what does CN VII facial nerve supply

Answer 50

muscles of facial expression

Question 51

what does CN VII facial nerve supply around the eyes

Answer 51

orbicularis oculi

Question 52

what condition occurs if the facial nerve is damaged

Answer 52

bells palsy

Question 53

where does the facial nerve CN VII leave the skull with which other nerve

Answer 53

internal acoustic meatus CN VIII vestibulocochlear

Question 54

what does the chorda tympani branch of CN VII supply

Answer 54

test to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 55

which structure of the middle ear is the chorda tympani branch closely associated with (hence damage to this structure could present as loss of taste/salivation)

Answer 55

tympanic membrane

Question 56

where does vestibular branch of CN VIII vestibulocochlear nerve supply

Answer 56

utricles saccule posterior, later, superior/ANTERIOR semicircular canals

Question 57

referred pain from TMJ dysfunction/dental disease to the ear comes form which nerve

Answer 57

CN V3

Question 58

referred pain from bells palsy (paralysis of muscles of facial expression) to the ear comes from which nerve why is there a big connection between these areas of referred pain

Answer 58

CN VII CN VII and CN VIII share a similar path from the brain (via internal acoustic meatus)

Question 59

referred pain from tonsillitis or laryngeal cancer to the ear comes from which nerve

Answer 59

CN IX glossopharyngeal

Question 60

referred pain from soft tissue neck injury or cervical arthritis to the ear comes from which nerve

Answer 60

C2 and C3