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J ENT > ANATOMY - ear > Flashcards

ANATOMY - ear Flashcards

1
Q

what shape is the pterion

where is it

A

H shaped

lateral skull

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2
Q

what type of bone is the pterion

A

squamous

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3
Q

what is the pterion

A

suture joining the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

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4
Q

which part of the temporal bone does the organs of hearing and balance sit in

A

petrous part of temporal bone

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5
Q

where does the external ear go from/to

A

from external acoustic meatus to tympanic membrane

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6
Q

which CN supplies sensory to the upper external acoustic meatus

A

CN V3 mandibular branch of trigeminal

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7
Q

which CN supplies sensory to the inferior external acoustic meatus

A

CN X vagus

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8
Q

what supplies sensory to peripheral auricle

A

C2 and C3 spinal nerves

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9
Q

which CN supplies sensory to ‘dots’ of the medial auricle (dippy in bit)

A

CN VII facial

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10
Q

what is the sticky outty bit of the ear (anterior) called

A

tragus

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11
Q

what is the ear canal made of (2) be specific

A

temporal bone

elastic cartilage

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12
Q

what kind of glands are in the ear canal

A

sebaceous glands

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13
Q

what is the main sensory nerve supply to outer tympanic membrane (external acoustic meatus)

A 
CN V3 (but also CN X) 
same as external acoustic meatus
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14
Q

what is the sensory supply to the internal tympanic membrane

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

same as all of middle ear AND Eustachian tube nerve supply bc it comes from the nasopharynx (near tongue))

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15
Q

what is the nerve supply to the entire middle ear

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal (think bc Eustachian tube is connected to nasopharynx = near tongue)

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16
Q

where can infection spread from the middle ear cavity to

what does this cause

A

mastoid

mastoiditis

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17
Q

what is the muscle that attaches to the tympanic membrane

important for reducing noise when chewing

A

tensor tympani

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18
Q

what are the 3 auditory ossicles (from external to internal)

A

malleolus
incus
stapes (‘stirrup’)

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19
Q

what part of the malleolus attaches to the tympanic membrane

A

handle

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20
Q

what part of the stapes attaches to the oval window

A

base

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21
Q

joint types between ossicles

A

synovial

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22
Q

is the epitympanic recess above or below the tympanic membrane

A

above

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23
Q

what is the name of the tube between the middle ear cavity and the nasopharynx

nerve supply

A

Eustachian tube

CN IX (glossopharyngeal bc it enters near the tonsils/tongue)

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24
Q

function of Eustachian tube

A

equalise pressure between ear and nasal cavity

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25
Q

where can infection spread to the middle ear from via the Eustachian tube

A

tonsils/pharynx

26
Q

where is the inner ear cavity in between

A

the oval window and the internal acoustic meatus

27
Q

sound waves from cochlea travel to the brain via

which meatus does it travel through

A

cochlear nerve CN VIII (part of vestibulocochlear nerve)

internal acoustic meatus

28
Q

sound waves from semi circular ducts travel to the brain via

which meatus does it travel through

A

vestibular nerve CN VIII (part of vestibulocochlear nerve)

internal acoustic meatus

29
Q

what is the bone that holds the bony labyrinth called

A

dense otic capsule

30
Q

what type of fluid is in the bony labyrinth (the fluid that the membranous labyrinth ‘floats’ in)

A

perilymph

31
Q

what type of labyrinth is within the bony labyrinth

A

membranous labyrinth

32
Q

apart from perilymph, what is the other type of fluid in the bony labyrinth

A

endolymph

33
Q

how many turns are there in the cochlea

A

2 and a half

34
Q

what is the end/inner bit of the cochlea called

A

apex/copula

35
Q

what are the 5 end organs

A 
utricle
saccule 
ampulla of lateral semicircular canals 
ampulla of posterior semicircular canal 
ampulla of superior (anterior) semicircular canal
36
Q

which part of the outer ear is vibrated by sound

A

tympanic membrane

37
Q

vibration of the tympanic membrane in the outer ear causes vibration of … (be specific)

A

ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

38
Q

what is vibrated by vibration of the base of the stapes

A

vibration of oval window

39
Q

vibration in oval window creates pressure waves in which fluid

A

perilymph

40
Q

movement of perilymph causes what to move

which results in

then

A

basilar membrane

hair cells = AP created

41
Q

which nerve takes AP from cochlea to the brain (be specific)

A

cochlear nerve CN VIII (part of vestibulocochlear nerve)

42
Q

what happens to vibrating fluid that travels back down the cochlea after creating AP

A

dampened down by the round window

43
Q

nerve supply of stapedius muscle (muscle that keeps the stapes bone form moving too much)

A

CN VII facial

44
Q

which nerve does CN VII facial share a similar path with (leaves the skull at the same foramen)

what is this foramen

A

CN VIII vestibulocochlear

internal acoustic meatus

45
Q

in relation to the middle ear, where does the facial nerve travel after it leaves the internal acoustic meatus

in which canal

A

posterior to middle ear cavity

facial canal

46
Q

what branches off of the facial nerve when it is in the facial canal behind the middle ear

what happens to this branch

A

chorda tympani branch of CN VII facial

enters middle ear cavity

47
Q

what foramen does the facial nerve CN VII leave the facial canal through

A

stylomastoid foramen

48
Q

which nerve does chorda tympani branch of CN VII hitch a ride with

A

CN V3

49
Q

what is the pneumonic for the 5 branches of the facial nerve CN VII (excluding chorda tympani branch)

what are the 5 branches

A

Two Zanibar Buy Motor Car

Temporal
Zygomatic 
Buccal 
Mandibular (think - its not maxillary bc you already have a zygomatic one so would be a bit pointless)
Cervical
50
Q

generally what does CN VII facial nerve supply

A

muscles of facial expression

51
Q

what does CN VII facial nerve supply around the eyes

A

orbicularis oculi

52
Q

what condition occurs if the facial nerve is damaged

A

bells palsy

53
Q

where does the facial nerve CN VII leave the skull

with which other nerve

A

internal acoustic meatus

CN VIII vestibulocochlear

54
Q

what does the chorda tympani branch of CN VII supply

A

test to anterior 2/3 of tongue

55
Q

which structure of the middle ear is the chorda tympani branch closely associated with (hence damage to this structure could present as loss of taste/salivation)

A

tympanic membrane

56
Q

where does vestibular branch of CN VIII vestibulocochlear nerve supply

A

utricles
saccule
posterior, later, superior/ANTERIOR semicircular canals

57
Q

referred pain from TMJ dysfunction/dental disease to the ear comes form which nerve

A

CN V3

58
Q

referred pain from bells palsy (paralysis of muscles of facial expression) to the ear comes from which nerve

why is there a big connection between these areas of referred pain

A

CN VII

CN VII and CN VIII share a similar path from the brain (via internal acoustic meatus)

59
Q

referred pain from tonsillitis or laryngeal cancer to the ear comes from which nerve

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

60
Q

referred pain from soft tissue neck injury or cervical arthritis to the ear comes from which nerve

A

C2 and C3

J ENT (11 decks)

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