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J ENT > Conditions summary > Flashcards

Conditions summary Flashcards

1
Q 
kid
URTI last week - haem influenzae, strep 
sore ear with discharge 
fever 
been off his food
A

acute otitis media

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2
Q

acute otitis media treatment

A

self limiting <4 days, paracetemol for pain

amoxicillin PO if >4days

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3
Q 
age 2/5/6 
poor school performance
listens to TV v loudly 
conductive hearing loss on examination 
 no ear pain
A

otitis media with effusion (glue ear)

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4
Q

otitis media with effusion (glue ear) treatment

A

self limiting <3 months (see back)

grommets

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5
Q 
swimmer 
discharge
itchy ear
sore ear
red and swollen external acoustic meatus on examination
A

otitis externa

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6
Q

otitis externa treatment (3)

A

clean and DRY ear
severe fungal - topical clotrimazole
severe bacterial - gentamicin drops

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7
Q 
previous otitis externa 
pseudomonas in ear 
bells palsy (CN VII palsy) 
pain 
headache
A

malignant otitis

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8
Q

malignant otitis treatment

A

surgical debridement

antibiotics

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9
Q 
perforated ear drum 
v painful ear 
cheesy, foul smelling discharge 
vertigo 
pearly white tympanic membrane on otoscopy
A

cholesteatoma

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10
Q

cholesteatoma treatment

A

mastoid surgery

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11
Q

unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
vertigo
tinnitus
‘golf ball’ on MRI

A

vestibular schwannoma

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12
Q 
bilateral sensorineural hearing loss 
café au lait spots 
child 
tinnitus 
vertigo 
'golf ball' on MRI
A

vestibular schwannoma

associated with neurofibromatosis type 2

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13
Q

‘battle sign’ bruise on mastoid process of temporal bone
sensorineural hearing loss

be specific!

A

transverse temporal fracture

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14
Q

‘battle sign’ bruise on mastoid process of temporal bone
conductive hearing loss

be specific!

A

longitudinal temporal fracture

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15
Q

infection in early pregnancy

kid has sensorineural hearing loss age 2

A

cytomegalovirus

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16
Q

vertigo 30-60 seconds after position change

no hearing loss/tinnitus

A

benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV)

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17
Q

benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) treatment (2)

A

epley manoeuvre

brandt daroff exercises at home

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18
Q 
recent viral cold 
vertigo <3 weeks, worst on day 1
severe spinning, vomiting on day 1 
nystagmus to other side 
no hearing loss/tinnitus
A

vestibular neuronitis

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19
Q

vestibular neuronitis treatment (2)

A

self limiting

buccastem for vomiting in future episodes

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20
Q 
recent viral cold 
vertigo <3 weeks, worst on day 2
severe spinning and vomiting on day 1 
nystagmus to other side 
hearing loss and/or tinnitus
A

labyrinthitis

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21
Q

labyrinthitis treatment (2)

A

self limiting

buccastem for vomiting in future episodes

22
Q

worsening of tinnitus/hearing loss then vertigo for >20 mins (hours)
feeling of fullness in ears vomiting

A

menieres disease

23
Q

menieres disease treatment (3 + lifestyle advice (4))

A

buccastem for vomiting in future episodes
life style advice - decrease salt, decrease alcohol, decrease caffeine, decrease stress
intra tympanic gentamicin
intra tympanic steroids

24
Q 
recent URTI (viral) 
tender sinuses
A

acute sinusitis

25
Q

acute sinusitis treatment

A 
self limiting (most likely viral) 
antibiotics (penicillin V) if it doesnt clear up in 2.5 weeks
26
Q

oedematous, fluid filled bulge in nose
runny nose
chronic blocked nose
allergic crease (line on nose)

A

rhinitis caused by polyp

27
Q 
runny nose 
sneezing 
itchy nose 
allergic crease ( line on nose) 
eczema
A

allergic rhinitis

28
Q

treatment of allergic rhinitis (3)

A

avoid allergen
antihistamines
topical steroids

29
Q

treatment of infective rhinitis (3)

A

analgesia
nasal decongestant
antibiotics (rarely)

30
Q

lump in nose
decreased smell
chronic blocked nose
painless

A

nasal polyp

31
Q

nasal poly treatment (2)

A

steroids PO or topical

surgery

32
Q

saddle nose

A

GPA vasculitis

33
Q

infectious mononucleosis diagnosis with nasal symptoms (unilateral blocked nose, runny nose)

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with EBV

34
Q

home treatment of nose bleeds (epistaxis) (3)

A

pinch front of nose for 20 mins
ice
blow out blood clots

35
Q

emergency treatment of nose bleeds (epistaxis) in hospital if >20mins (3)

A 
topical vasoconstrictor eg adrenaline in cotton wool 
cauterisation of vessel (silver nitrate) 
anterior rhinoscopy (looks like a tampon)
36
Q

nose trauma

red asymmetrical bulge when you look up nose

A

septal haematoma

37
Q

investigation and treatment of nasal facture

A

NOTHING!

ice and pain relief

38
Q 
painful swallowing 
fever 
lymphadenopathy 
no cough 
age 15-25
A

throat infection (tonsillitis or pharyngitis)

39
Q

tonsillitis/pharyngitis treatment

A

self limiting 3-7 days
if >7 days check EBV for infectious mononucleosis
penicillin V 500mg QDS 10 days if bacterial cause

40
Q 
exotoxin toxic to heart and brain 
v sore through 
swelling = obstruction 
white/grey membrane across pharynx 
unvaccinated
A

diphtheria

41
Q

diphtheria treatment (2)

A

antitoxin and antibiotic (penicillin)

VACCINATION IS PREVENTION!

42
Q

white patches in mouth/throat

A

oral thrush/candida

43
Q 
aged 15-25
enlarged B lymphocytes on histology 
fever 
lymphadenopathy 
sore throat 
splenomegaly

get a nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the next couple weeks (you can just feel it in the air)

A

infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

44
Q

infectious mononucleosis treatment

think about cause

A

self limiting 3 weeks

paracetamol for pain

45
Q 
child 
unvaccinated 
drooling 
severe croup/stridor
thumbprint sign on xray
A

acute epiglottitis

46
Q

epiglottitis treatment

A

ceftriaxone IV

Ceftriaxone bc Children get epiglottitis

47
Q 
20-50 year old 
non smoker or drinker
koilocytes on histology 
weight loss
fatigue 
otalgia 
feels like a lump in neck (no pain)
A

HPV oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma

48
Q

HPV oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma treatment

A

chemoradiotherapy

49
Q 
>50 year old male  
smokes and drinks 
otalgia 
hoarseness 
feels like a lump in neck (no pain) 
fatigue 
weight loss
A

smoking/drinking associated throat squamous cell carcinoma

50
Q

smoking/drinking associated throat squamous cell carcinoma treatment (2)

A

laryngectomy with post op radiotherapy (need to learn to speak)
OR
chemo (bad side effects)

patients choice

J ENT (11 decks)

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