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Physiology Cell And Cell Components > Physiology Deoxyribose Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Physiology Deoxyribose Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

DNA in nucleus is responsible for formation of ________ while DNA in mitochondria is called _________

A

RNA, non chromosomal DNA

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2
Q

What is DNA

A

It is a double stranded complex formed by phosphoric acids, four types of bases, and deoxyribose

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3
Q

Each DNA has 2 polynucleotide chains twisted around themselves to form double helix T or F

A

True

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4
Q

What is the backbone of DNA

A

Sugar deoxyribose and phosphate

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5
Q

Examples of purines are

A

Adenine and Guanine

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6
Q

Examples of pyrimidines are

A

Cytosine and thymine

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7
Q

What is the pairing of the bases of DNA

A

Adenine binds with Thymine
Guanine bines with Cytosine

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8
Q

What is a genome

A

Hereditary information encoded in DNA

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9
Q

Hereditary information encoded in DNA IS CALLED

A

Genome

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10
Q

DNA Is divided into discrete units called

A

Genes

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11
Q

What is a gene

A

Basic hereditary unit if a cell, portion of DNA that contains messages or codes for the synthesis of specific protein from amino acids

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12
Q

In nucleotide of DNA there are 3 successive base pairs called

A

Triplet/codons

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13
Q

Causes of genetic disorder

A

Genetic variation
Genetic mutation

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14
Q

Classification of genetic disorder are

A
  • single gene disorder
  • multifactorial gene disorder
  • chromosomal gene disorder
  • mitochondrial DNA gene disorder
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15
Q

What is single gene disorder

A

Mendelian or monogenic gene disorder that occurs as a result of variation/mutation in a single gene

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16
Q

What genetic disorder is formed by result of combination of environmental factors and mutation on multiple genes

A

Multifactorial genetic disorder

17
Q

Chromosomal gene disorder is caused by

A

Abnormalities in chromosomes , which can either be numerical or structural

18
Q

Structural abnormality leads to disorder like

A

Chromosome abnormality syndrome

19
Q

Numerical abnormality of chromosome gene disorder is divided into two namely

A
  • MONOSOMY- due to absence of one chromosome from diploid number (turner’s syndrome)
  • TRISOMY presence of one extra chromosome(down syndrome)
20
Q

What is mitochondrial dna disorder

A

Disorder caused by mutation in mitochondrial dna

21
Q

What contains a single strand of polynucleotides

A

RNA

22
Q

What are the purines and Pyrimidines of RNA

A

Purines- adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines- uracil and cytosine

23
Q

Types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA

24
Q

Whatbis mRNA

A

It is an RNA that carries genetic information for the synthesis of proteins from amino acids from nucleus to cytoplasm

25
Q

Which RNA decodes genetic message present in mRNA

A

tRNA

26
Q

What is ribosomal RNA

A

Present in ribosomes and forms part of ribosomes resp for organising proteins from amino acids

27
Q

What is gene expression

A

Process hy which information encoded in gene is converted to functional gene product used for protein syntheses

28
Q

Gene expression involves 2 processes

A

Transcription of genetic code
Translation

29
Q

Transcription involves

A

Copying of genetic code from DNA to RNA, since dna is a macromolecules and can not pass through the pores of nuclear membrane

30
Q

Transcription of DNA to mRNA is facilitated by enzyme

A

RNA Polymerase

31
Q

Wjat is translation

A

Process by which protein synthesis occurs in ribosome by direction of genetic instructions by mRNA from DNA

32
Q

In translation, mRNA moves out of nucleus to cytoplasm, then group of ribosomes called _________ attach

A

Polysome

33
Q

What are gwoth factors

A

They are proteins that act as cell signaling molecules, bind to the surface receptor of target organs and stimulate proliferation, differentiation and maturation of cells

34
Q

Growth factors are also called

A

Cytokine

Physiology Cell And Cell Components (5 decks)

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