Physiology Deoxyribose Nucleic Acids

Question 1

DNA in nucleus is responsible for formation of ________ while DNA in mitochondria is called _________

Answer 1

RNA, non chromosomal DNA

Question 2

What is DNA

Answer 2

It is a double stranded complex formed by phosphoric acids, four types of bases, and deoxyribose

Question 3

Each DNA has 2 polynucleotide chains twisted around themselves to form double helix T or F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the backbone of DNA

Answer 4

Sugar deoxyribose and phosphate

Question 5

Examples of purines are

Answer 5

Adenine and Guanine

Question 6

Examples of pyrimidines are

Answer 6

Cytosine and thymine

Question 7

What is the pairing of the bases of DNA

Answer 7

Adenine binds with Thymine
Guanine bines with Cytosine

Question 8

What is a genome

Answer 8

Hereditary information encoded in DNA

Question 9

Hereditary information encoded in DNA IS CALLED

Answer 9

Genome

Question 10

DNA Is divided into discrete units called

Answer 10

Genes

Question 11

What is a gene

Answer 11

Basic hereditary unit if a cell, portion of DNA that contains messages or codes for the synthesis of specific protein from amino acids

Question 12

In nucleotide of DNA there are 3 successive base pairs called

Answer 12

Triplet/codons

Question 13

Causes of genetic disorder

Answer 13

Genetic variation
Genetic mutation

Question 14

Classification of genetic disorder are

Answer 14

• single gene disorder
• multifactorial gene disorder
• chromosomal gene disorder
• mitochondrial DNA gene disorder

Question 15

What is single gene disorder

Answer 15

Mendelian or monogenic gene disorder that occurs as a result of variation/mutation in a single gene

Question 16

What genetic disorder is formed by result of combination of environmental factors and mutation on multiple genes

Answer 16

Multifactorial genetic disorder

Question 17

Chromosomal gene disorder is caused by

Answer 17

Abnormalities in chromosomes , which can either be numerical or structural

Question 18

Structural abnormality leads to disorder like

Answer 18

Chromosome abnormality syndrome

Question 19

Numerical abnormality of chromosome gene disorder is divided into two namely

Answer 19

• MONOSOMY- due to absence of one chromosome from diploid number (turner’s syndrome)
• TRISOMY presence of one extra chromosome(down syndrome)

Question 20

What is mitochondrial dna disorder

Answer 20

Disorder caused by mutation in mitochondrial dna

Question 21

What contains a single strand of polynucleotides

Answer 21

RNA

Question 22

What are the purines and Pyrimidines of RNA

Answer 22

Purines- adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines- uracil and cytosine

Question 23

Types of RNA

Answer 23

Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA

Question 24

Whatbis mRNA

Answer 24

It is an RNA that carries genetic information for the synthesis of proteins from amino acids from nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 25

Which RNA decodes genetic message present in mRNA

Answer 25

tRNA

Question 26

What is ribosomal RNA

Answer 26

Present in ribosomes and forms part of ribosomes resp for organising proteins from amino acids

Question 27

What is gene expression

Answer 27

Process hy which information encoded in gene is converted to functional gene product used for protein syntheses

Question 28

Gene expression involves 2 processes

Answer 28

Transcription of genetic code Translation

Question 29

Transcription involves

Answer 29

Copying of genetic code from DNA to RNA, since dna is a macromolecules and can not pass through the pores of nuclear membrane

Question 30

Transcription of DNA to mRNA is facilitated by enzyme

Answer 30

RNA Polymerase

Question 31

Wjat is translation

Answer 31

Process by which protein synthesis occurs in ribosome by direction of genetic instructions by mRNA from DNA

Question 32

In translation, mRNA moves out of nucleus to cytoplasm, then group of ribosomes called _________ attach

Answer 32

Polysome

Question 33

What are gwoth factors

Answer 33

They are proteins that act as cell signaling molecules, bind to the surface receptor of target organs and stimulate proliferation, differentiation and maturation of cells

Question 34

Growth factors are also called

Answer 34

Cytokine