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Physiology Cell Junction Flashcards

1
Q

What is cell junction

A

T is the connection between neighbouring cells and extracellular matrix

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2
Q

Cell Junction is also called

A

Membrane junction

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3
Q

There are 3 types of cell junctions

A

Occluding junction
Communicating junction
Anchoring junction

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4
Q

What is occluding junction

A

It is a junction that prevents intercellular exchange of materials, I.e, it prevents the movement of ion and molecules from one cell to another

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5
Q

Tight junction is under occluding junction, what is tight junction?

A

Tight junction is an intercellular occluding junction that prevents movement of large molecules

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6
Q

Tight junction is also called________ and it is the region where cell membrane of adjacent cells tightly fuse together

A

Zonal occludens

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7
Q

Tight junction is present in the _________ of epithelial and endothelial cells of _____________, _____________, ______________

A

Apical margin, intestinal mucosa, wall of renal tubule, capillary wall

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8
Q

Tight junction is made of a _______ which has ________ valves

A

Ridge, two

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9
Q

Each half of the ridge consists of_________

A

Tight junction strands

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10
Q

Proteins of tight junction are divided into two

A

-Tight junction membrane protein or integral membrane protein
-Scaffold or peripheral membrane protein

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11
Q

Examples of tight junction membrane proteins are

A

Occludins, Claudia’s and JAMs- Junctional adhesion molecules

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12
Q

Examples of Scaffold proteins are

A

Cingulin, symplekin and ZO 123

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13
Q

Where are tight membrane proteins anchored

A

In the strands of the ridge and attach with their counterpart of neighbouring cells

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14
Q

Scaffold proteins attach

A

With tight junction proteins and strengthen the anchoring in the rudges

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15
Q

Function of tight junction

A

-Strength and stability
-Selective permeability- forms Selective barrier in small molecules and total barrier in large molecules
-Fencing function- prevents lateral movements of proteins and lipids in cell membrane
-Maintenance of cell polarity- fencing function maintains cell polarity by keeping proteins in tha apical region of cell membrane
-blood Brain barrier- tight junction of brain capillaries form the brain blood barrier w prevents entry of many substances from capillary blood to Brian tissue

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16
Q

Barrier function of tight junction regulates what

A

Regulates the interchange of ions, water and variety of macromolecules between the cells

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17
Q

Fencing function maintains the different composition of proteins and lipids in the _________and _________l plasma membrane T or F

A

Apical and basolateral

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18
Q

Because of fencing function, tight junction js referred to as

A

Impermeable junction

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19
Q

What are the exceptions of materials that can pass through blood Brain barrier

A

Lipid soluble substances like drugs, steroid hormones

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20
Q

Diseases caused by mutation of genes encoding proteins of tight junction

A

-Hereditary deafness
-Ichthyosis
-Sclerosing cholangitis- inflammation of bile duct causing obstruction
- hereditary hypomagnesemia- low level of mag in the blood
- synovial sarcoma- soft tissue cancer

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21
Q

Inflammation of bile duct is called

A

Sclerosing cholangitis

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22
Q

What are communicating junctions

A

They are cell junctions that permit intercellular exchange of substances, I.e, they permit movement of ions and molecules from one cell to another

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23
Q

Types of communicating junction

A

-gap junction
- chemical synapse

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24
Q

What is a gap junction

A

It is an intercellular communicating junction that allows passage of ions and small molecules between cells

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25
Gap junction is also called
Nexus
26
Gap junction is present in the heart and basal part of epithelial cells
True
27
Go to your jotter to read structure of gap junctions
28
Each half of channel in gap junction is surrounded by 6 subunits of proteins called
Connexins or connexons
29
Function of gap junction
• diameter of gap junction is between 1.5nm to 3nm so it allows ions, amino acids and other substances with molecular weight less than 1000 in - it activates rapid propagation of action potential from one cell to another • helps in exchange of chemical messengers between cell
30
In gap junction, diameter of channel is regulated by
Intracellular calcium ions
31
What.happens when the concentration of intracellular calcium ion increases
The protein subunits of connexin cone together by sliding, this decreasing diameter of channel
32
Diameter of channel is regulated by
PH, neurotransmitters, electric potential, hormones
33
What is chemical synapse
It is the junction between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber or between two nerve fibers, in which signals are transmitted by release of chemical transmitters
34
Disease caused by mutation of genes of connexins
Deafness Keratoderma Cataract Peripheral neuropathy Heterotaxia
35
What us peripheral neuropathy
Damage of nerves of peripheral nervous system
36
Abnormal arrangement of organs or parts of the body in relation t9 left right symmetry is
Heterotaxia
37
What are anchoring junctions
Junctions that provide strength to cells by acting as mechanical attachment
38
Junctions that provide strong mechanical attachments between two cells or cells and its extracellular matrix is called
Anchoring cells
39
Which junction is responsible for the structural integrity of tissues
Anchoring junction
40
Anchoring junctions are present in tissues like
Heart and epidermis of skin
41
Firm attachment between 2 Cells or a cell ad extracellular matrix is provided by
Actin filament or intermediate filaments
42
Anchoring junctions can be divided into four based on actin filaments attachment and intermediate filament attachment
Actin - adherens junction(cell to cell) Focal ashesion( cell to matrix) Intermediate- desmosome(cell to cell) Hemidesmosome(cell to matrix)
43
What are adherens junction
Cell to cell junction that connects actin filament of one cell to another cell
44
In places like epithelial lining, the cell forms a continous adhesion called
Zonula adherens
45
Adherens junctions are present in the _________ between branches of cardiac muscles
Intercalated discs
46
During the contraction and relaxation of the heart the cardiac muscles fibers are held together by which junction
Adherens junction
47
In adhesion junction, Membrane of adjacent cells are held together by transmembrane proteins called
Cadherins
48
What is focal adhesion
Cell to matrix junction that connects actin filaments of a cell to extracellular matrix
49
In epithelial of various organs, which junction connects cells to their basal lamina
Focal adhesion
50
Transmembrane proteins in focal adhesion which holds cell membrane and matrix together is called
Integrins
51
What is desmosome
It is a cell to cell junction that connects intermediate filaments to 2 adjacent cells
52
Desmosome is also called
Macula adherens
53
Intermediate filaments are attached with thickened patches T or F
True
54
Transmembrane proteins involved in desmosomes are mainly
Cadherins
55
What is hemidesmosome
It is a cell to matrix junction, which connects intermediate filaments of the cell to extracellular matrix
56
Hemidesmosome us like half of desmosome and thickening of membrane of only one cell occurs T or F
True
57
Hemidesmosome is known as hemidesmosome or
Half desmosome
58
Mostly hemidesmosomes connect cells with their _________
Basal lamina
59
Proteins involved in hemidesmosomes are
Integrins
60
List the 3 applied physiology in cell junction
Dysfunction of adherens and focal junction leads to..... Dysfunction of desmosome causes Dysfunction of hemidesmosome causes.....
61
What are cell adhesion molecules

Physiology Cell And Cell Components (5 decks)

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