physiology cumulative section Flashcards
ATP production from glucose
glycolysis and the citric cycle.
diffusion
simple and facilitated. facilitated diffusion needs a protein. no ATP required
transports requiring ATP
primary and secondary active transport. end/exocytosis, phagocytosis.
Fick’s law
factors affecting the rate of diffusion across a membrane: lipid solubility, molecular size, concentration gradient, membrane surface area, composition of lipid layer
symport carriers
move two or more substrates in the same direction. ex) glucose.
Antiport carriers
moves substrate in opposite direction. ex) Na/K pump
Secondary active transport of glucose
sodium brings glucose into the cell with it so that it can go against the concentration gradient. GLUT transporter transfers glucose to ECF through facilitated diffusion.
signal transduction
signal molecule binds to membrane receptor protein activates intracellular signal molecules alter target proteins and create a response.
action potential
resting membrane potential, depolarizing stimulus, membrane depolarizes to threshold, voltage gated Na and K channels open, Rapid Na entry depolarizes cell, Na channels close and slower K channels open, K leaves cell, K channels remain open and additional K leaves hyperpolarizing the cell, voltage-gated K channels close and cell returns to membrane potential.
synaptic communication
an action potential arrives at the axon terminal, the depolarization opens calcium voltage-gated channels and calcium enters the cell, calcium entry triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicle contents, neurotransmitter travels across and attaches to postsynaptic cell, neurotransmitter binding initiates a response in the postsynaptic cell.
Poiseuille’s laws
resistance is proportional to length and viscosity. inversely proportional to the radius to the 4th
Frank-starling law states
SV increases as EDV increases
venous return is affected by
skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump and sympathetic innervation of veins.
Cardiac output
sv x hr
