Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive System > Physiology - Basic Reproductive System (Female) > Flashcards

Physiology - Basic Reproductive System (Female) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the surface of an ovary

A

Connective tissue capsule covered with layer of simple cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 2 parts can the indie of the ovary be divided into?

A 
CORTEX
•The peripheral part
•Connective tissue containing ovarian follicles (one oocyte surrounded by single layer of cells)
MEDULLA
•Central part
•Connective tissue and blood vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 main functions of ovaries?

A
  • Oocyte production

* Steroid hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many mature eggs are there per menstrual cycle and how many are ovulated in a reproductive lifespan?

A

•One mature egg per menstrual cycle, around 400 ovulated during entire reproductive lifespan - majority of eggs perish during the cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can be said about the number of eggs produced in a lifetime?

A

•Finite number, declines with increasing age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which 3 hormones do the ovaries produce?

A
  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

Develops female secondary sexual characters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Prepares endometrium for implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much of the female body testosterone is produced by the ovaries before menopause?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are ovarian follicles?

A

Ovarian follicles are small sacs filled with fluid that are found inside a woman’s ovaries. They secrete hormones which influence stages of the menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the primordial follicle pool?

A

The ovarian cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the germ cells for egg production called?

A

Oogaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does primordial germ cell mitosis occurs?

A
  • In foetal life

* Primordial follicles arrested in the stage of first meiotic division until puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to primordial follicles once puberty has been reached?

A
  • Second division starts after puberty

* Leads to release of one secondary oocyte in a menstrual cycle which is capable of fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the layer of follicular cells as the primary follicle matures?

A

They become stratified and eventually become granulosa cells

OOGENESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in the secondary follicle once the granulosa cells form?

A

At this point follicle grows so large that fluid-filled lacunae develop within granulosa cells and whole assembly is the secondary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

As the secondary follicle mature the lacunae fuse to from what?

A

Follicular antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does the second meiotic division complete?

A

After fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is meiosis important from chromosomal number?

A

Allows formation of haploid cells

20
Q

How many follicles from a cohort of developing primary follicles in puberty?

A

Only one is successful in fully developing

21
Q

What are the follicular development stages?

A
  • Primary follicle
  • Secondary follicle
  • Tertiary/Graafian follicle
22
Q

Describe the primordial follicle

A

Primary oocyte arrested in first meiotic division surrounded by one layer of SQUAMOUS, PRE-GRANULOSAL cells

23
Q

Describe the primary follicle

A

Oocyte surrounded by zona and stratified cuboidal granulosa cells

24
Q

Describe the secondary follicle

A

Increased oocyte diameter and multiple layers of granulosa cells, resumption of first meiotic division

25
Q

Describe the tertiary/Graafian follicle

A
  • Follicular fluid between the cells which coalesce to form antrum
  • Completion of first meiotic division to form secondary oocyte and start of second meiotic division
26
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

No period

27
Q

What 3 things can cause amenorrhea?

A
  • Problems with regulating hormones
  • Problems with ovarian function
  • Problem with uterus or outflow tract
28
Q

How can the hypothalamus and pituitary cause amenorrhea?

A

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Low FSH, LH, high prolactin)

29
Q

What are the functional causes of hormonal amenorrhea?

A
  • Excessive weight loss or gain
  • Over exercising
  • Stress
30
Q

What are the functional causes of hormonal amenorrhea?

A
  • Excessive weight loss or gain
  • Over exercising
  • Stress
31
Q

What are the chronic medical conditions that cause hormonal amenorrhea?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Renal disease
  • TB
32
Q

What are the intracranial space-occupying lesions that cause hormonal amenorrhea?

A
  • Prolactinoma
  • Tumours
  • Cysts
33
Q

What infections or trauma may cause hormonal amenorrhea?

A
  • Meningitis
  • Intracranial bleed
  • Sheehan’s
34
Q

What drugs can cause hormonal amenorrhea?

A
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Opiates
35
Q

What genetic condition can cause hormonal amenorrhea?

A

Kallmann’s syndrome

36
Q

How can hypergonadotropic hypogonadism cause functional amenorrhea?

A

High or normal FSH, LH

37
Q

What are the genetic causes of functional amenorrhea?

A
  • Turner’s Syndrome

* Fragile X

38
Q

How may ageing cause functional amenorrhea?

A

Steep decline in ovarian function past 35 years

39
Q

What chronic illness may cause functional amenorrhea?

A

Autoimmune diseases

40
Q

What are the iatrogenic causes of functional amenorrhea?

A

Radiotherapy or chemotherapy

41
Q

Which infections may lead to functional amenorrhea?

A
  • TB

* Mumps oophoritis

42
Q

Which 2 other conditions may cause functional amenorrhea?

A
  • Primary ovarian insufficiency

* Premature ovarian failure

43
Q

What are the congenital problems with the uterus or outflow tract that can cause amenorrhea (3)?

A
  • Absent uterus, vagina - lack of Mullerian duct development (MRKH syndrome)
  • Transverse vaginal septum or imperforate hymen - Mullerian duct fail to canalise
  • Androgen insensitivity syndrome
44
Q

What are the iatrogenic problems with the uterus or outflow tract that can cause amenorrhea (2)?

A
  • Uterine adhesions or synechiae (Asherman syndrome)

* Radiotherapy - Pelvic or cervical

45
Q

Describe the management of amenorrhea

A
  • Lifestyle changes
  • Optimise control of medical illness
  • Stop drugs or switch to alternatives
  • Prolactinoma - medical treatment
  • Intracranial SOL - surgical treatment
  • Vaginal anomalies( septum or hymen) - surgical treatment
  • Uterine adhesions - surgical division hysteroscopic
  • Fertility preservation before radiotherapy and chemotherapy
  • Fertility treatment - IVF with own or donor eggs

Reproductive System (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions