Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive System > Ovarian Cancer > Flashcards

Ovarian Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different classes of ovarian neoplasm?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Germ cell
  • Sex rod-stromal
  • Metastatic
  • Miscellaneous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the epidemiology of ovarian cancer (age group)?

A
  • Rare <30 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are risk factors for ovarian cancer?

A
  • Family history/genetics
    • HNPCC/Lynch type II familial cancer syndrome
    • BRCA1
    • BRCA2
  • Never having children
  • Hormonal therapy after menopause
  • Fertility medication
  • Obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What genes put you more at risk of ovarian cancer?

A
  • HNPCC/Lynch type II familial cancer syndrome
  • BRCA1
  • BRCA2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer?

A
  • Most originate from fallopian tube
  • Some derive from pre-existing benign ovarian cysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do most ovarian cancers originate?

A
  • Most originate from fallopian tube
  • Some derive from pre-existing benign ovarian cysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the presentation of ovarian cancer?

A
  • Indigestion/early satiety (early fullness when eating)/poor appetite
  • Altered bowel habit/pain
  • Bloating/discomfort/weight gain
  • Pelvis mass
    • Pressure symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What investigations are done for ovarian cancer?

A
  • Diagnosed by
    • US-guided biopsy
    • Surgical/pathological
    • US scan abdomen and pelvis
    • CT scan
    • Blood test – CA125 (glycol-protein antigen)
      • Indicator of malignancy for ovary (epithelial tumours), colon/pancreas or breast cancer), or benign conditions such as menstruation/endometriosis/PID, liver disease
    • Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What blood test is used to diagnose ovarian cancer?

A
  • Blood test – CA125 (glycol-protein antigen)
    • Indicator of malignancy for ovary (epithelial tumours), colon/pancreas or breast cancer), or benign conditions such as menstruation/endometriosis/PID, liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is CA 125 an indicator of?

A
  • Indicator of malignancy for ovary (epithelial tumours), colon/pancreas or breast cancer), or benign conditions such as menstruation/endometriosis/PID, liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different stages of ovarian cancer?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the management for ovarian cancer?

A
  • Depends on type of tumour, grade and stage, guided by RMI score
    • RMI score is product of US score (multi-locular, solid areas, bilateral, ascites, intra-abdominal), menopausal status and CA 125 level)
  • Surgery
    • Laparotomy (large incision on abdomen)
      • To obtain tissue diagnosis, stage disease, disease clearance, debulk disease
  • Chemotherapy
    • Adjuvant and neo-adjuvant
    • First line is platinum and taxane (taxol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the management of ovarian cancer depend on?

A
  • Depends on type of tumour, grade and stage, guided by RMI score
    • RMI score is product of US score (multi-locular, solid areas, bilateral, ascites, intra-abdominal), menopausal status and CA 125 level)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is RMI score?

A
  • RMI score is product of US score (multi-locular, solid areas, bilateral, ascites, intra-abdominal), menopausal status and CA 125 level)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the prognosis of ovarian cancer?

A
  • Depends on type of tumour (benign/malignant/borderline), tumour grade and tumour stage
  • Worst prognosis for a cancer of female reproductive tract
  • Cure rates by stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who recieves screening for ovarian cancer?

A

Population screening not proven, only done for high risk woman:

  • Cancer gene mutation carriers
  • 2 or more relatives
17
Q

What does screening for ovarian cancer involve?

A
  • Pelvic examination
  • US scanning of ovaries
  • CA 125
18
Q

How is recurrence managed in ovarian cancer?

A
  • Chemotherapy
  • Palliation
    • Symptomatic recurrence
  • Platinum if > 6months
  • Tamoxifen (SERM)
  • Potentially surgery
19
Q

What are the precursors to low grade serous carcinoma (purple)?

A

Ovariun surface epithelium –> cortical inclusion cysts –> serous cystadeoma –> serous borderline tumour –> low grade serous carcinoma (–> high grade serous carcinoma)

Genes: BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, ERBB2

20
Q

What are the precursors to high grade serous carcinoma (green)?

A

Can take purple route OR

Fimbriae of fallopian tube –> serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma –> high grade serous cell carcinoma

GENES: P53, BRCA1, BRCA2

21
Q

Which cancers can endometriosis progress to?

A

Endometriod carcinoma

Clear cell carcinoma

GENES: ARID1A, PIK3CA, PTEN

22
Q

What are the types of ovarian cancers mention in this lecture?

A

Endometrioid carcinoma

Clear cell carcinoma

Low grade serous carcinoma

High grade serous carcinoma

Most ovarian cancers are epithiliod and all of the above fall into this category. The most common of the epithilioid cancers of the ovary are serous (70%). Clear cell and endometriod account for ~10% each.

23
Q

Apart form epithelial, what other groups of ovarian cancers exist?

A

Sex-cord stromal

Germ cell

Mixed cell types

Reproductive System (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions