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ENT > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is used to measure hearing range?

A
  • audiogram
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2
Q

What is suspended between scala tympani and scala vestibuli?

A
  • scala media
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3
Q

What is the name of the liquid in the scala tympani and scala vestibuli?

A
  • perilymph
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4
Q

What is the name of the liquid in the scala media?

A
  • endolymph
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5
Q

Where is vibration at a maximum in the inner ear?

A
  • basilar membrane

- organ of corti

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6
Q

The organ of corti is found where?

A
  • basilar membrane of the inner ear
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7
Q

The __outer/inner__ hair cells are responsible for hearing?

A
  • inner hair cells
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8
Q

The cartilaginous region of the Eustachian tube is opened by what 2 muscles?

A
  • tensor veli palatini

- levator palatine

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9
Q

The vestibulospinal tract is responsible for what?

A
  • tone

- allows you to stand balanced

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10
Q

The vestibulo-ocular reflex controls what?

A
  • eye movement to focus
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11
Q

What are the 2 components of the otolith organs?

A
  • utricle

- saccule

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12
Q

The utricle and saccule sense what range of motion?

A
  • utricle = horizontal

- saccule = verticle

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13
Q

What is the name of the projections in the utricle and saccule?

A
  • sterocilla
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14
Q

Vestibulo-ocular reflex deflection is causes by movement of what liquid?

A
  • perilymph

- semi-circular canals

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15
Q

What is the type of receptor responsible for taste or smell?

A
  • chemoreceptors
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16
Q

What are the sense organs of taste?

A
  • taste buds
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17
Q

What is the average life span for taste receptors

A
  • 10 days
18
Q

Where are taste buds found?

A
  • tongue
  • palate
  • epiglottis
  • pharynx
19
Q

What is the most numerous papillae?

A
  • filiform
20
Q

What are the names of the papillae with taste buds?

A
  • fungiform
  • vallate
  • foliate
21
Q

Explain the pathway of taste?

A
  • chemical binding to taste bud
  • depolarises receptor cell
  • action potential generated
  • signals conveyed by cranial nerves
22
Q

Where is taste perceived?

A
  • gustatory area of the brain
23
Q

What is the cranial nerve involved in the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A
  • CN VII
24
Q

Cranial nerve involved in posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

A
  • CN IX
25
Q

Cranial nerve involved in epiglottis and pharynx?

A
  • CN X
26
Q

What are the 5 primary gestations?

A
  • bitter
  • salty
  • sweet
  • sour
  • umami
27
Q

Define ageusia?

A
  • loss of taste function
28
Q

Define hypogeusia?

A
  • reduced taste function
29
Q

Define dysgeusia?

A
  • distortion of taste
30
Q

Potential causes of dysgeusia?

A
  • distortion of taste
  • infections
  • URTI
  • zinc deficiency
31
Q

What cranial nerve is involved in pleasure smell?

A
  • CN I
32
Q

What cranial nerve is involved in protective smell?

A
  • CN V
33
Q

Where is the olfactory epithelium found?

A
  • cribriform plate

- superior nasal cavity

34
Q

What is the function of mucus in the nasal cavity?

A
  • moist and protective

- aids dispersing odourant to the olfactory receptors

35
Q

From the mucus in the olfactory epithelium how do the odourants enter the olfactory bulb?

A
  • diffusion

- specialised protein receptors

36
Q

What is the name of the gland that secretes mucus for the olfactory receptors?

A
  • Bowman’s glands
37
Q

What is the purpose of the olfactory bulb?

A
  • transmits smell information to the brain
38
Q

Define anosmia?

A
  • inability to smell
39
Q

Define hyposmia?

A
  • reduced ability to smell
40
Q

Define dysomia?

A
  • altered sense of smell
41
Q

Define phantosmia?

A
  • smell perceived in the absence of stimulus
42
Q

What test can be done to assess olfaction?

A
  • UPSIT test

ENT (6 decks)

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