Physiology

Question 1

What is used to measure hearing range?

Answer 1

• audiogram

Question 2

What is suspended between scala tympani and scala vestibuli?

Answer 2

• scala media

Question 3

What is the name of the liquid in the scala tympani and scala vestibuli?

Answer 3

• perilymph

Question 4

What is the name of the liquid in the scala media?

Answer 4

• endolymph

Question 5

Where is vibration at a maximum in the inner ear?

Answer 5

• basilar membrane

- organ of corti

Question 6

The organ of corti is found where?

Answer 6

• basilar membrane of the inner ear

Question 7

The __outer/inner__ hair cells are responsible for hearing?

Answer 7

• inner hair cells

Question 8

The cartilaginous region of the Eustachian tube is opened by what 2 muscles?

Answer 8

• tensor veli palatini

- levator palatine

Question 9

The vestibulospinal tract is responsible for what?

Answer 9

• tone

- allows you to stand balanced

Question 10

The vestibulo-ocular reflex controls what?

Answer 10

• eye movement to focus

Question 11

What are the 2 components of the otolith organs?

Answer 11

• utricle

- saccule

Question 12

The utricle and saccule sense what range of motion?

Answer 12

• utricle = horizontal

- saccule = verticle

Question 13

What is the name of the projections in the utricle and saccule?

Answer 13

• sterocilla

Question 14

Vestibulo-ocular reflex deflection is causes by movement of what liquid?

Answer 14

• perilymph

- semi-circular canals

Question 15

What is the type of receptor responsible for taste or smell?

Answer 15

• chemoreceptors

Question 16

What are the sense organs of taste?

Answer 16

• taste buds

Question 17

What is the average life span for taste receptors

Answer 17

• 10 days

Question 18

Where are taste buds found?

Answer 18

• tongue
• palate
• epiglottis
• pharynx

Question 19

What is the most numerous papillae?

Answer 19

• filiform

Question 20

What are the names of the papillae with taste buds?

Answer 20

• fungiform
• vallate
• foliate

Question 21

Explain the pathway of taste?

Answer 21

• chemical binding to taste bud
• depolarises receptor cell
• action potential generated
• signals conveyed by cranial nerves

Question 22

Where is taste perceived?

Answer 22

• gustatory area of the brain

Question 23

What is the cranial nerve involved in the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

Answer 23

• CN VII

Question 24

Cranial nerve involved in posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

Answer 24

• CN IX

Question 25

Cranial nerve involved in epiglottis and pharynx?

Answer 25

- CN X

Question 26

What are the 5 primary gestations?

Answer 26

- bitter - salty - sweet - sour - umami

Question 27

Define ageusia?

Answer 27

- loss of taste function

Question 28

Define hypogeusia?

Answer 28

- reduced taste function

Question 29

Define dysgeusia?

Answer 29

- distortion of taste

Question 30

Potential causes of dysgeusia?

Answer 30

- distortion of taste - infections - URTI - zinc deficiency

Question 31

What cranial nerve is involved in pleasure smell?

Answer 31

- CN I

Question 32

What cranial nerve is involved in protective smell?

Answer 32

- CN V

Question 33

Where is the olfactory epithelium found?

Answer 33

- cribriform plate | - superior nasal cavity

Question 34

What is the function of mucus in the nasal cavity?

Answer 34

- moist and protective | - aids dispersing odourant to the olfactory receptors

Question 35

From the mucus in the olfactory epithelium how do the odourants enter the olfactory bulb?

Answer 35

- diffusion | - specialised protein receptors

Question 36

What is the name of the gland that secretes mucus for the olfactory receptors?

Answer 36

- Bowman's glands

Question 37

What is the purpose of the olfactory bulb?

Answer 37

- transmits smell information to the brain

Question 38

Define anosmia?

Answer 38

- inability to smell

Question 39

Define hyposmia?

Answer 39

- reduced ability to smell

Question 40

Define dysomia?

Answer 40

- altered sense of smell

Question 41

Define phantosmia?

Answer 41

- smell perceived in the absence of stimulus

Question 42

What test can be done to assess olfaction?

Answer 42

- UPSIT test