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ENT > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the auditory meatus lined by?

A
  • epidermis
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2
Q

What lines the middle ear?

A
  • columnar mucosa
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3
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the ossicles of the middle ear?

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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4
Q

What is contained within the inner ear?

A
  • cochlea and vestibular apparatus
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5
Q

What lines the nasal vestibule?

A
  • squamous epithelium
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6
Q

What lines the nose, sinuses and nasopharynx?

A
  • pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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7
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
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8
Q

Serous cells of the salivary glands stain what colour?

A
  • dark staining
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9
Q

Mucinous component of the salivary glands stain what colour?

A
  • clear grey staining
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10
Q

Define otitis media?

A
  • inflammation of the middle ear
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11
Q

What usually causes otitis media?

A
  • infection spread through eustachian tube
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12
Q

Cholesteatoma appears as what?

A
  • pearly white mass in middle ear

- locally destructive

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13
Q

Acquired cholesteatoma may be a result of what?

A
  • chronic otitis media

- perforated tympanic membrane

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14
Q

What is the most common malignant tumour of the ear?

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma
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15
Q

Vestibular schwannoma is associated with what nevrve?

A
  • vestibular portion of vestibulocohlear nerve

- CN VIII

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16
Q

Symptoms of vestibular schwannoma?

A
  • tinnitus
  • ear ache
  • loss of balance
17
Q

What should you aim to rule out in a bilateral vestibular schwannoma in the young?

A
  • NF type 2
18
Q

Nasal polyps in a young patient, what should you rule out/

A
  • Cystic fibrosis
19
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangitis is also known as/

A
  • Wegner’s granulomatosis
20
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangitis is what?

A
  • a small vessel vasculitis

- cANCA associated

21
Q

3 types of sinonasal papilloma

A
  • inverted
  • exophytic
  • oncocytic
22
Q

Causes of sinonasal papilloma?

A
  • HPV

- organic solvents

23
Q

Symptoms of sinonasal papilloma?

A
  • blocked nose
24
Q

Potential causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A
  • epstein barr virus
25
Q

Causes of a contact ulcer?

A
  • benign response to injury
  • GORD
  • Intubation
26
Q

Squamous cell papilloma may be related to?

A
  • HPV types 6 and 11
27
Q

Paraganglioma is a tumour arising from what?

A
  • neuroendocrine cells
28
Q

Paraganglioma may secrete?

A
  • catecholamines
29
Q

Paraganglioma may be linked to what endocrine condition?

A
  • MEN 2
30
Q

E6 of HPV blocks what pathway?

A
  • p53
31
Q

E7 of HPV blocks what?

A
  • RB

- tumour suppressor

32
Q

Sialolithiasis means?

A
  • stones in the salivary glands
33
Q

Tumours in the salivary glands are most common on what gland?

A
  • parotid
34
Q

Warthin’s tumour has a strong association with what?

A
  • smoking

- tumour of parotid

ENT (6 decks)

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