Physiology Flashcards
Refers to the clumping of antigen-antibody complexes indicating their interaction. This when incompatible blood types are mixed each other.
Agglutination
Process by which the body prevents the loss of blood
Blood clotting / Coagulation
Contains iron and four heme groups to which four oxygen atoms can bind. Excess monoxide in the blood can lead to poisoning because CO has greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen thus, oxygen is outcompeted and its results to oxygen deficiency.
Hemoglobin
Color of Hemoglobin oxygenated state?
Bright red
Color of Hemoglobin deoxygenated state?
Dull red
Contains several atoms and can carry one oxygen molecule
Haemerythrin
Color of Haemerythrin oxygenated state?
Purple
Color of Haemerythrin deoxygenated state?
Colorless
Contains two copper ions that combines with one oxygen atom
Haemocyanin
Color of Haemocyanin oxygenated state?
Light blue
Color of Haemocyanin deoxygenated state?
Colorless
Contains iron and can bind up to four oxygen molecules. (Color) in both oxygenated and deoxygenated
Chlorocruoin
Color : Green
Process of bone formation by osteoblast
Ossification
Takes place during ossification of bones and can also occur in other tissues
Calcification
Process of bone development from fibrous membrane.
Intramembranous ossification
Secretes the extracellular matrix and deposit calcium, which hardens the bone matrix.
Osteoblast
Process of bone development from hyaline cartilage.
Endochondral Ossification
Part of extrahepatic bilary system where bile is stored and concentrated
Gallbladder
Bile is formed in?
Liver
Involves the liver, with its vast blood supple, the gallbladder, and the hepatic and bile ducts.
Biliary system
Ability of immune system to defense against infection and disease
Immunity
Immunity from serum antibodies produced by plasma cells.
Humoral Immunity
Refers to the bodily fluids where these free0floating serum antibodies bind to antigen and assist with elimination
Humoral
Acquired through T cells from someone who is immune to the target disease or infection.
Cell-mediated Immunity
Refers to the fact that response is carried out by cytotoxic cells
Cell-Medicated
Synthesize and secrete antibodies, proteins that bind to antigen on pathogens to help phagocytes destroy them
B Cells (Mature in Bone marrow)
Mature in Thymus glands
T cells
Like NK cells for innate immunity, but their recognition of pathogen is much more specific.
They kill virus-infected cells by secreting proteins that penetrate and puncture cell membrane.
Shuts off replication of the pathogen.
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
Stimulate other components of the immune response by secreting signalling molecules that activate B cells & phagocytes.
Helper T cells (CD4+)
Turns off the immune response once the pathogen has been defeated.
Suppressor T cells
