Endocrine System Flashcards
Responsible for the secretion of hormones in the development of organisms
Endocrine System
______(Duct gland)
Secretion______
Method of Transport_____
Target_______
Exocrine(Duct gland)
Secretion : Enzymes
Method of Transport : Duct
Target : Organ near gland
______(Ductless gland)
Secretion______
Method of Transport_____
Target_______
Endocrine (Ductless gland)
Secretion : Hormones
Method of Transport : Bloodstream
Target : Organ distant from gland
Stimulates development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone
Stimulates development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics, maturation follicles, formation and maintenance of bone tissue and contraction of uterine muscles
Estrogens
- Estradiol
- Estrone
- Estriol
Stimulates secretion of substance from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) in preparation for egg implantation in the uterine wall
Progesterone
Stimulate cellular metabolism, lipid production, carbohydrate utilization, and CNS and ANS activation
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
C- Cells of thyroid gland which decrease calcium levels in the blood
Calcitonin
Secretions of that cell are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and then onto a bodily surface or into the lumen.
-No part of the cell is lost (Only Secretes enzymes)
Merocrine
Ex. Salivary Glands
Bud their secretions off through the plasma membrane producing extracellular membrane-bound vesicles.
-Some parts of the cells are long along with secretions
Apocrine
Ex. Mammary Glands
Secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen.
-The whole cell detaches with secretion
Halocrine
Ex. Sweat Glands/Sebaceous Glands
- Long Distance chemical signals
- Travel via blood and lymph
Hormones
Process of maintaining physiological balance
Homeostasis
Stimulates “fight of flight” response, increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, increase blood glucose
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Stimulates “fight of flight” response, increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, increase blood glucose
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Parts of Adrenal gland
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Cortex
Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex
Corticosteroids
Activates physiological stress response to maintain glucose concentrations
Cortisol
Glucocorticoid
Regulates balance of salt and water in the body , BP
Aldosterone
Mineralocorticoids
Contributes to growth and development of the male reproductive system and serves as precursor to testosterone and estrogen
Androgens
Production of milk
Stimulates and maintains lactation in breastfeeding mothers
Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates milk ejection or letdown during breastfeeding and uterine muscles during child birth
Oxytocin
Regulates fluid volume by increasing by increasing or decreasing fluid excretion in response to change in blood pressure
Vasopressin
Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH
Stimulates growth and secretion of cells of the adrenal cortex; increases skin pigmentation
Corticotropin
Adrenocorticotropin, ACTH
Stimulates growth of essentially all tissues in the body
Growth Hormone
GH, Somatotropin
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone and growth of thyroid cells
Thyrotropin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, TSH
Stimulates maturation of egg follicles in females and development of spermatozoa in males
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Stimulates rupture of mature egg follicles and production of progesterone and androgen in females and secretion in males
Luteinizing hormone (LH; interstitial cell stimulating hormone ICSH)
Stimulates melanin synthesis in skin cells to increase pigmentation; may also suppress appetite
Melanocyte - stimulating hormones (MSH)
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary gland
Corticotropin- Releasing hormone
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
GHRH
Stimulates and regulates secretion of thyrotropin from anterior pituitary gland and may modulate neuronal activity in the brain and spinal cord
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Stimulates synthesis and secretion FSH and LH
Gonadotropin - releasing hormone
Inhibits secretion of PRL
Prolactin inhibiting factor (Dopamin)
Inhibits secretion of GH, glucagon and GI hormones
Somatostatin
Maintains blood glucose concentrations by stimulating release of glucose from the liver
Glucagon (Alpha)
Stimulates glucose uptake and storage in adipose, muscles and liver
Insulin (Beta)
Increase serum calcium concentrations from bone tisuses
Parathyroid Hormone
Parathormone
Decreases serum calcium conc. by promoting uptake of calcium into bone tissues
Calcitonin
