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Neuroscience and Behavioral Science > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Where are pseudounipolar neurons found?

A

Pseudounipolar: sensory neurons

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2
Q

Where are multipolar neurons found?

A

Multipolar neurons: Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells, interneurons

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3
Q

Where are the microglia derived from?

A

The mesenchyme

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4
Q

Which CN leaves through the Cribriform plate?

A

CN I

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5
Q

What structures leave through the Optic canal?

A

CN II and the ophthalmic artery

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6
Q

What structures leave through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, CN IV, CN VI, and ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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7
Q

What structures leave though the internal aucostic meatus?

A

Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

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8
Q

What structures leave through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, CN X, and CN XI

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9
Q

What structure leaves through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges named?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

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11
Q

What are the dural folds?

A
  • Falx cerebri
  • Falx cerebelli
  • Diaphragma sellae
  • tentorium cerebelli
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12
Q

What are the pia mater modifications in relation to the spinal cord?

A
  • Filum terminale

- Ligamentum denticulatum

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13
Q

What structures does a epidural hematoma include?

A
  • Middle Meningeal Artery

- Foramen Spinosum

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14
Q

What structures does a subdural hematoma include?

A

Bridging veins

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15
Q

What structures does a subarachnoid hematoma include?

A

Branches of circle of Willis

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16
Q

What structures leave through the foramen rotundum?

A

The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve

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17
Q

What structures leave through the foramen ovale?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

What structures make up the Anterior Cranial Fossae?

A
  • Crista Galli

- Cribriform Plate

19
Q

What structures make up the Middle Cranial Fossae?

A
  • Trigeminal Impression

- Tegmen Tympani

20
Q

What structures make up the Posterior Cranial Fossae?

A
  • Foramen Magum

- Internal Occipital Protuberance

21
Q

Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, and Ependymal cells are all found where?

22
Q

Schwann cells and Capsular cells are found where?

23
Q

What two things are neurons usually classified by?

A
  1. Shape

2. Projections

24
Q

What cell provides myelination in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

25
Q

What cell provides myelination in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

26
Q

What are the parts of the Blood Brain Barrier

A
  • Endothelium
  • Basement Membrane
  • Astrocytes
27
Q

What are the parts of the Blood CSF Barrier?

A
  • Endothelium
  • Basement Membrane
  • Choroid cells
28
Q

What kind of herniation is caused when the cerebrum is pushed against the skull or tentorium? What can this lead to?

A

Supratentorial Herniation; Ischemic Stroke

29
Q

What kind of herniation is caused when the cerebellum is pushed against the brainstem? What can this affect?

A

Infratentorial Herniation; can affect consciousness, respiration, and heart rate

30
Q

BBB is not present where?

A

Pituitary
Area Postrema (Vomiting center)
OVLT

31
Q

The meninges around the brain and spinal cord are continuous at the ___

A

Foramen magnum

32
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found?

A

Bipolar neurons: olfactory, retinal cells

33
Q

How many cells will each schwann cell myelinate?

A

Each cells will myelinate one axon

34
Q

What is the outermost layer of the schwann cell lamellae called?

A

The outer most layer of the Schwann cell lamellae is called neurolemma

35
Q

What are autoimmune reactions to the PNS myelin may be associated with?

A

Guillain Barre syndrome

36
Q

What cell type plays a major role in electrolyte balance?

A

Astrocytes

37
Q

What are astrocytes highly susceptible to?

A

Astrocytes are highly susceptible to the formation of neoplasms

38
Q

What do astrocytes produce?

A

Neurotrophic factors necessary for neuronal survival

39
Q

How many cells do oligodendrocytes myelinate?

A

Each cell will myelinate nearly 40-50 neurons

40
Q

What do oligodendrocytes produce?

A

Oligodendrocytes also produce nerve growth factors

41
Q

What does autoimmune reactions to the CNS Myelin results in?

A

Multiple sclerosis

42
Q

What are the layers of the cerebrum?

A 
Molecular layer
Outer granular layer
Outer pyramidal layer
Inner granular layer
Inner pyramidal layer 
Polymorphic layer
43
Q

What are the layers of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Molecular layer
  2. Purkinje layer
  3. Granular layer

Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (8 decks)

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