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Neuroscience and Behavioral Science > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the structures involved in the basal ganglia?

A
  • Caudate
  • Putamen
  • Globus Pallidus
  • Subthalamus
  • Substantia Nigra
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2
Q

Together, the caudate and putamen make what structure?

A

Striatum

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3
Q

Together, the putamen and globus pallidus make what structure?

A

Lentiform

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4
Q

What is the main function of the basal ganglia?

A

Suppress unwanted motor function and allow wanted motor behavior to be expressed on demand

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5
Q

What do lesions in the basal ganglia cause?

A

Hyperkinetic movement

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6
Q

What are basal ganglia lesions called?

A

Extrapyramidal

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7
Q

Basal ganglia dysfunction is always ipsilateral/contralateral

A

Contralateral

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8
Q

What is a basal ganglia disease involved in striatum especially caudate?

A

Chorea

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9
Q

Huntington Chorea is autosomal dominant/recessive

A

Dominant

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10
Q

What is age is Huntington Chorea expressed?

A

30s and 40s

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11
Q

Huntington Chorea has small/large amplitude and small/large velocity

A

Small; Small

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12
Q

Huntington Chorea is caused by damage to which structures?

A

Striatum + Caudate

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13
Q

What disease is chorea secondary to bacterial infection? It is associated with mitral heart valve problems.

A

Seidham’s Chorea

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14
Q

What symptoms are associated with Seidham’s Chorea?

A
  • Small randam tic movements
  • Uncontrollable
  • increased with stress
  • decreased but still present in sleep
  • progress to dementia and sometimes suicide
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15
Q

Which basal ganglia disease is caused by copper build up? The copper gets deposited in the striatum.

A

Wilson’s disease

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16
Q

This disease is caused by by a copper colored ring in the sclera of the eye called a Kleissr pfeiffer ring.

This is curable
Take out the copper

A

Wilson’s disease

17
Q

Athetosis involves what structures?

A

Striatum; caudate and putamen

18
Q

This disease is characterized a worm-like movements of the limb, uncontrollable, unconscious, increases with stress, and decreases with sleep.

A

Athetosis

19
Q

Tourette’s disease involves which structures?

A

Striatum. Especially the Putamen

20
Q

What do people with Tourette’s disease have?

A

Uncontrollable motor behavior, including utterances

21
Q

Hemiballismus is due to lesion of which structures?

A

Subthalamic nucleus

22
Q

Which disease is caused by depletion of dopamine from substantia nigra?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

23
Q

Parkinson’s disease is expressed ipsilateral/contralateral

A

Contralateral

24
Q

What symptoms are associated with Parkinson’s Disease?

A
  • Akinesia
  • Bradykinesia
  • Resting Tremor
  • Rigidity
  • Festinating Gait
  • Difficultly Multitasking
  • Micrographia
25
Q

Rigidity with tremor is called …

A

Cogwheels Rigidity

26
Q

Rigidity without tremor is called…

A

Lead Pipe Rigidity

27
Q

What is the major input for the basal ganglia?

A

Striatum

28
Q

What is the major output for the basal ganglia?

A

Globus Pallidus Internus

29
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used for the direct pathway!

A

D1

30
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used for the indirect pathway?

A

D2

31
Q

The globus pallidus inhibits the thalamus (encouraging/preventing) cortex excitation

A

Preventing

32
Q

If you want motor behavior, cortex (stimulates/inhibits) striatum. Striatum (stimulates/inhibits) globus.

A

Stimulates; inhibits

This inhibits the inhibitor to the thalamus and allows it to stimulate the cortex

33
Q

Substantia nigra to striatum is (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

Inhibitory

34
Q

What are the inputs to the striatum?

A

Cortex, thalamus, and substantia nigra

35
Q

What are the two pathways?

A

Striato nigral

Nigro striatal

36
Q

Which pathway predominates in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Striato-nigral

This because there is no dopamine

37
Q

Which pathway predominates when you have chorea?

A

Nigro-striatal

38
Q

Ballismus has (short/large) amplitude and (short/large) velocity.

A

Large; large

Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (8 decks)

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