Cerebrum Flashcards
What are the 5 cerebral lobes?
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Insular
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal?
The central sulcus
What is the highest center of the brain?
The Cerebral Cortex
What is: the bridge between the two cerebral hemispheres, the largest commissure of the brain, interconnecting homologous cortical areas?
The Corpus Callosum
What three things does the corpus callous have?
Genu
Body
Splenium
What is a vertical membranous partition the extends from the corpus callosum to the fornix?
The Septum Pellucidum
What does the septum pellucidum separate?
The two lateral ventricles
What carries efferents from the hippocampus?
The fornix
What is the number for the primary motor cortex area?
4
Where is the primary motor cortex area located?
Pre Central Gyrus
How is the body represented in the primary motor cortex area?
Upside down manner
What body parts are located in the paracentral lobule?
Perineum and leg
What occurs with stimulation of the primary motor cortex?
Contralateral movements of voluntary muscles
What occurs with damage to the primary motor cortex?
Contralateral upper motor neuron lesion
What is the number for the frontal eye field?
8
Where is the frontal eye field located?
The posterior part of middle frontal gyrus
What occurs with stimulation of the frontal eye field?
Conjugate deviation of the eyes toward the opposite site
What occurs with damage to the frontal eye field?
Conjugate deviation of the eyes towards the side of the lesion
What are the numbers for Broca’s motor speech area?
44 and 45
Where is Broca’s motor speech area located?
The posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere; lies in front of motor cortex
What is Broca’s motor speech area responsible for?
Coordinates movements of laryngeal, pharyngeal, palatine, lingual, labial groups of muscles in production of speech
What occurs with lesions of Broca’s area?
Motor aphasia
You can understand but you cannot speak how you want
What numbers represent the primary somatosensory cortex?
3, 1, 2
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?
The post central gyrus
What is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for?
Receives sensory fibers from thalamus
How is the body organized in the primary somatosensory cortex?
Upside down
What occurs with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex?
Contralateral hyperesthesia and astereognosis
What number represents the primary auditory cortex?
41 and 42
Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
The transverse gyro in the floor of the posterior ramps of lateral sulcus
What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for?
Receives auditory radiations from medial geniculate body
What occurs with damage to the primary auditory cortex?
Unilateral damage results in partial deafness because of bilateral cochlear representation
What number represents the primary visual cortex?
Striate area and area 17
Where is the primary visual cortex located?
Present in the medial surface of occipital lobe on the upper lip (cuneus) and lower lip (lingual gyrus) of the calcimine sulcus
Where does the primary visual cortex extend to?
Extends on the lateral surface of occipital pole limited by lunate sulcus
What is the primary visual cortex responsible for?
Receives optic radiations (geniculo calcimine tract) from lateral geniculate body
What occurs with lesions of the primary visual cortex?
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
What numbers represent the visual association areas?
18 and 19
Where are the visual association areas located?
The surround area 17; this area called parastriate area
What does the visual association area do?
Its helps recognition of objects, conjugate eye movements in opposite directions
Where is the paracentral lobule located?
The upper end of the central sulcus cuts superomedial border extends little of the medial surface
What does the paracentral lobule control?
Defecation and micturition
What are the anterior posterior parts of the paracentral lobule a part of?
They are extensions of pre and post central gyri
What is the premotor cortex responsible for?
Command and writing (on the uppermost area)
What is the number for the premotor cortex?
8
What is the prefrontal lobe responsible for?
planning, execution, judgement, mathematics, social behavior
What is the superior parietal lobe responsible for?
Helping you identify thing with touch with past experience
What is the name for a lesion to the superior parietal lobe?
Stereognosis
What are two parts of the inferior parietal lobe?
Supramarginal lobe and angular gyrus
What is number for the superior parietal lobe?
5 and 7
What is the number for the inferior parietal lobes?
40 (supra marginal)
39 (angular gyrus)
What is the supra marginal gyrus responsible for?
Identification with the help of touch
What is the angular gyrus responsible for?
Identification with the help of vision
What is the name of the disease when there is damage to the dominant parietal cerebral hemisphere?
Gertsman syndrome
What is seen with Gertsman syndrome?
Alexia Agraphia Acalculi Finger Agnosia Right and Left Confusion
What is seen with damage to the nondominant parietal lobe?
Hemineglect
What are the numbers for the visual cortex?
17,18,19
What is the transverse temporal gyrus responsible for?
Hearing
What is the number for the transverse temporal gyrus?
41, 42
What is the hippocampus responsible for?
Memory
What occurs if there is a problem with the hippocampus?
No memory (Wernicke’s Korsakoff)
Mamillary bodies destroyed when alcoholic
Hippocampus destroyed when old
What is the amygdala responsible for?
Responsible for the limbic system and raised behavior
What occurs if there is a problem with the limbic system?
Kluver Bucy syndrome
What is seen with Kluver Bucy syndrome?
Hyperphagia
Hypersexuality
Hyperorality
What is the septum pellucidum responsible for?
Separates the 2 lateral ventricles and important for sex
What is seen with an UMN lesion?
Spasticity
What is seen with a LMN lesion?
Flaccidity
What is the lingual gyrus and precuneus responsible for?
Vision
All things are interconnected except for the ___
Palm, Sole, and primary vision
What is seen with motor disconnect?
The communication between left and right is broken in the corpus callosum
apraxia
What is seen with a splenial lesion of the dominant occipital lobe?
Alexia without Agraphia
Where is aphasia seen?
Dominant hemisphere lesion
Where is hemineglect seen?
Nondominant hemisphere lesion
Which lobe answers the question, “What is it?”
Temporal lobe
Which lobe answers the question, “Where is it?”
Parietal lobe
Visualspacial is dominant or nondominant?
Dominant
Hemineglect is dominant or nondominant?
Nondominant
What is the sensory relay station?
Thalamus
How many layers does the neocortex have6
6
What is another name for the superior temporal gyrus?
Wernicke’s Area
What are the numbers for wernicke’s area?
22
What is wernicke’s area responsible for?
Sensory speech area
Important for comprehension
What is seen with a lesion to wernicke’s area?
You can talk but you do not understand
How are broca’s area and wernicke’s area connected?
Arcuate Fascicules
What occurs upon damage to the Arcuate Fascicules?
Conducting aphasia; no repetition
What occurs with damage to the nondominant arcuate fascicules?
Monotone; no voice modulation
