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Neuroscience and Behavioral Science > Cerebrum > Flashcards

Cerebrum Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 cerebral lobes?

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Insular
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2
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal?

A

The central sulcus

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3
Q

What is the highest center of the brain?

A

The Cerebral Cortex

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4
Q

What is: the bridge between the two cerebral hemispheres, the largest commissure of the brain, interconnecting homologous cortical areas?

A

The Corpus Callosum

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5
Q

What three things does the corpus callous have?

A

Genu
Body
Splenium

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6
Q

What is a vertical membranous partition the extends from the corpus callosum to the fornix?

A

The Septum Pellucidum

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7
Q

What does the septum pellucidum separate?

A

The two lateral ventricles

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8
Q

What carries efferents from the hippocampus?

A

The fornix

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9
Q

What is the number for the primary motor cortex area?

A

4

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10
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex area located?

A

Pre Central Gyrus

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11
Q

How is the body represented in the primary motor cortex area?

A

Upside down manner

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12
Q

What body parts are located in the paracentral lobule?

A

Perineum and leg

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13
Q

What occurs with stimulation of the primary motor cortex?

A

Contralateral movements of voluntary muscles

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14
Q

What occurs with damage to the primary motor cortex?

A

Contralateral upper motor neuron lesion

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15
Q

What is the number for the frontal eye field?

A

8

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16
Q

Where is the frontal eye field located?

A

The posterior part of middle frontal gyrus

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17
Q

What occurs with stimulation of the frontal eye field?

A

Conjugate deviation of the eyes toward the opposite site

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18
Q

What occurs with damage to the frontal eye field?

A

Conjugate deviation of the eyes towards the side of the lesion

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19
Q

What are the numbers for Broca’s motor speech area?

A

44 and 45

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20
Q

Where is Broca’s motor speech area located?

A

The posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere; lies in front of motor cortex

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21
Q

What is Broca’s motor speech area responsible for?

A

Coordinates movements of laryngeal, pharyngeal, palatine, lingual, labial groups of muscles in production of speech

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22
Q

What occurs with lesions of Broca’s area?

A

Motor aphasia

You can understand but you cannot speak how you want

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23
Q

What numbers represent the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

3, 1, 2

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24
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

The post central gyrus

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25
Q

What is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for?

A

Receives sensory fibers from thalamus

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26
Q

How is the body organized in the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Upside down

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27
Q

What occurs with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Contralateral hyperesthesia and astereognosis

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28
Q

What number represents the primary auditory cortex?

A

41 and 42

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29
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

The transverse gyro in the floor of the posterior ramps of lateral sulcus

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30
Q

What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for?

A

Receives auditory radiations from medial geniculate body

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31
Q

What occurs with damage to the primary auditory cortex?

A

Unilateral damage results in partial deafness because of bilateral cochlear representation

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32
Q

What number represents the primary visual cortex?

A

Striate area and area 17

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33
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

Present in the medial surface of occipital lobe on the upper lip (cuneus) and lower lip (lingual gyrus) of the calcimine sulcus

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34
Q

Where does the primary visual cortex extend to?

A

Extends on the lateral surface of occipital pole limited by lunate sulcus

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35
Q

What is the primary visual cortex responsible for?

A

Receives optic radiations (geniculo calcimine tract) from lateral geniculate body

36
Q

What occurs with lesions of the primary visual cortex?

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

37
Q

What numbers represent the visual association areas?

A

18 and 19

38
Q

Where are the visual association areas located?

A

The surround area 17; this area called parastriate area

39
Q

What does the visual association area do?

A

Its helps recognition of objects, conjugate eye movements in opposite directions

40
Q

Where is the paracentral lobule located?

A

The upper end of the central sulcus cuts superomedial border extends little of the medial surface

41
Q

What does the paracentral lobule control?

A

Defecation and micturition

42
Q

What are the anterior posterior parts of the paracentral lobule a part of?

A

They are extensions of pre and post central gyri

43
Q

What is the premotor cortex responsible for?

A

Command and writing (on the uppermost area)

44
Q

What is the number for the premotor cortex?

A

8

45
Q

What is the prefrontal lobe responsible for?

A

planning, execution, judgement, mathematics, social behavior

46
Q

What is the superior parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Helping you identify thing with touch with past experience

47
Q

What is the name for a lesion to the superior parietal lobe?

A

Stereognosis

48
Q

What are two parts of the inferior parietal lobe?

A

Supramarginal lobe and angular gyrus

49
Q

What is number for the superior parietal lobe?

A

5 and 7

50
Q

What is the number for the inferior parietal lobes?

A

40 (supra marginal)

39 (angular gyrus)

51
Q

What is the supra marginal gyrus responsible for?

A

Identification with the help of touch

52
Q

What is the angular gyrus responsible for?

A

Identification with the help of vision

53
Q

What is the name of the disease when there is damage to the dominant parietal cerebral hemisphere?

A

Gertsman syndrome

54
Q

What is seen with Gertsman syndrome?

A 
Alexia
Agraphia
Acalculi
Finger Agnosia
Right and Left Confusion
55
Q

What is seen with damage to the nondominant parietal lobe?

A

Hemineglect

56
Q

What are the numbers for the visual cortex?

A

17,18,19

57
Q

What is the transverse temporal gyrus responsible for?

A

Hearing

58
Q

What is the number for the transverse temporal gyrus?

A

41, 42

59
Q

What is the hippocampus responsible for?

A

Memory

60
Q

What occurs if there is a problem with the hippocampus?

A

No memory (Wernicke’s Korsakoff)

Mamillary bodies destroyed when alcoholic
Hippocampus destroyed when old

61
Q

What is the amygdala responsible for?

A

Responsible for the limbic system and raised behavior

62
Q

What occurs if there is a problem with the limbic system?

A

Kluver Bucy syndrome

63
Q

What is seen with Kluver Bucy syndrome?

A

Hyperphagia
Hypersexuality
Hyperorality

64
Q

What is the septum pellucidum responsible for?

A

Separates the 2 lateral ventricles and important for sex

65
Q

What is seen with an UMN lesion?

A

Spasticity

66
Q

What is seen with a LMN lesion?

A

Flaccidity

67
Q

What is the lingual gyrus and precuneus responsible for?

A

Vision

68
Q

All things are interconnected except for the ___

A

Palm, Sole, and primary vision

69
Q

What is seen with motor disconnect?

A

The communication between left and right is broken in the corpus callosum

apraxia

70
Q

What is seen with a splenial lesion of the dominant occipital lobe?

A

Alexia without Agraphia

71
Q

Where is aphasia seen?

A

Dominant hemisphere lesion

72
Q

Where is hemineglect seen?

A

Nondominant hemisphere lesion

73
Q

Which lobe answers the question, “What is it?”

A

Temporal lobe

74
Q

Which lobe answers the question, “Where is it?”

A

Parietal lobe

75
Q

Visualspacial is dominant or nondominant?

A

Dominant

76
Q

Hemineglect is dominant or nondominant?

A

Nondominant

77
Q

What is the sensory relay station?

A

Thalamus

78
Q

How many layers does the neocortex have6

A

6

79
Q

What is another name for the superior temporal gyrus?

A

Wernicke’s Area

80
Q

What are the numbers for wernicke’s area?

A

22

81
Q

What is wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Sensory speech area

Important for comprehension

82
Q

What is seen with a lesion to wernicke’s area?

A

You can talk but you do not understand

83
Q

How are broca’s area and wernicke’s area connected?

A

Arcuate Fascicules

84
Q

What occurs upon damage to the Arcuate Fascicules?

A

Conducting aphasia; no repetition

85
Q

What occurs with damage to the nondominant arcuate fascicules?

A

Monotone; no voice modulation

Neuroscience and Behavioral Science (8 decks)

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