Physiology

Question 1

What are the three phases of swallowing?

Answer 1

1. Oral
2. Pharyngeal
3. Oesophageal

Question 2

Describe the oral phase of swallowing

Answer 2

tongue propels bolus into pharynx which triggers the swallowing reflex (swallowing centre in medulla)

Question 3

Describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing

Answer 3

soft palate is pulled upwards
hyoid & larynx move upward - epiglottis covers larynx
UOS relaxes
respiration is reflex inhibited

Question 4

Describe the oesophageal phase of swallowing

Answer 4

once the bolus passes the UOS, the sphincter relaxes

bolus is propelled downwards by peristaltic motion (reflex via myenteric plexus)

Question 5

What are the five aspects of speech production? Describe each aspect

Answer 5

1. Respiration
   Source of energy: air flow
   Inhalation and exhalation
2. Phonation
   Flow of air through different VC position, tension, vibration & length
3. Resonation
   Oral/nasal speech balance
   Depend on nasopharynx, nasal cavity & oral cavity
4. Articulation
   Production of speech , determined by action of lips, tongue and jaw
5. Prosody
   Production of syllable stress and emphasis
   Provide effective speech tone

Question 6

List the five aspects of speech production

Answer 6

Respiration
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation
Prosidy