Head Anatomy - Nasal and Oral cavities

Question 1

What is the name given to the bony opening for the nose?

Answer 1

Piriform aperture

Question 2

Which bones make up the nasal septum?

Answer 2

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Vomer
Maxilla
Palatine bone

Question 3

Which bones make up the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Maxilla
Ethmoid bone
Perpendicular part of the palatine bone
Medial pterygoid plate (posteriorly)

Question 4

Which bones make up the conchae of the nose?

Answer 4

Middle and superior conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone

Inferior concha is a bone in itself

Question 5

List the parts of the ethmoid bone

Answer 5

Perpendicular plate
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Lamina papyracea
Ethmoid air cells
(superior and middle conchae)

Question 6

What is the infundibulum?

Answer 6

A narrow chamber in the nasal cavity into which the frontal and maxillary sinuses open

Question 7

Where does the sphenoid sinus open into the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

Above and behind the superior concha

Question 8

Where does the nasolacrimal duct open into the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Beneath the inferior concha

Question 9

What passes through the sphenopalatine foramen? Where does this foramen open into the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

Neurovasculature for the nose and palate

Opens near the posterior part of the superior meatus

Question 10

Which part of the nasal cavity is lined with skin?

Answer 10

The vestibule

Question 11

What type of epithelium lines most of the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

Respiratory epithelium; celiated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

Question 12

What structure is present at the posterior wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

Adenoid (in children) or remnent of the adenoid (adults)

Question 13

Name the three regions of the oral cavity

Answer 13

Olfactory region
Respiratory region
Vestibule

Question 14

Which sinus is at greatest risk of infection spread?

Answer 14

Maxillary sinus

Question 15

Which structure make up the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 15

Muscular diaphragm (myohyoid muscles)
Geniohyoid muscles
Tongue
Salivary glands and ducts

Question 16

What connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Answer 16

Lingual frenulum (a fold of oral mucosa)

Question 17

Which nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the oral cavity?

Answer 17

Trigeminal nerve

Question 18

Which nerves give motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 18

All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus
- palatoglossus is innervated by the vagus nerve

Question 19

Describe the general sensory innervation of the tongue

Answer 19

Posterior third: glossopharyngeal nerve

Anterior two thirds: lingual nerve (branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)

Question 20

Describe the special sensory innervation of the tongue

Answer 20

Posterior third: glossopharyngeal nerve

Anterior two thirds: Chorda tympani (branch of the facial nerve)

Question 21

What are the two types of intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 21

Longitudinal

Transverse

Question 22

Where are the intrinsic tongue muscles located?

Answer 22

Above and between the extrinsic tongue muscles

Question 23

Name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 23

Palatoglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus

Question 24

What is the action of Palatoglossus?

Answer 24

elevates the posterior aspect of the tongue

Question 25

What is the action of Genioglossus?

Answer 25

compacts tongue and pulls it forwards

fibres fan out so action can vary depending on which fibres are contracting

Question 26

What is the action of Hyoglossus?

Answer 26

depresses and retracts the tongue

Question 27

What is the action of Styloglossus?

Answer 27

elevates and retracts the tongue

Question 28

What type of saliva is produced by each of the salivary glands?

Answer 28

Parotid: serous saliva (watery, rich in enzymes)
Submandibular: mixture of serous and mucous
Sublingual: mucous (viscous, acts as a lubricant)

Question 29

Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?

Answer 29

The parotid duct penetrates the buccinator muscle and emerges into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar

Question 30

Which structures pass through the parotid gland?

Answer 30

Facial nerve
External carotid artery; gives rise to the posterior auricular artery while within the gland
Retromandibular vein; formed within the parotid gland from the superficial temporal and maxillary veins

Question 31

Describe the blood supply/drainage of the parotid gland

Answer 31

Arterial supply; posterior auricular artery and superficial temporal artery
Venous drainage; retromandibular vein

Question 32

Describe the innervation of the parotid gland

Answer 32

Rate of saliva production is controlled by parasympathetic autonomic innervation via the otic ganglion
Sensory innervation is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve (a branch of the mandibular nerve, V3)

Question 33

Which muscle is the submandibular salivary gland closely related to?

Answer 33

Myohyoid muscle

Question 34

Describe the blood supply/drainage of the submandibular gland

Answer 34

submental artery and vein

Question 35

What type of efferent innervation does the submandibular gland receive?

Answer 35

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 36

Describe the anatomical location of the sublingual salivary glands

Answer 36

Located in the floor of the mouth

Unite anteriorly forming a single mass around the lingual frenulum

Question 37

Describe the blood supply/drainage of the sublingual glands

Answer 37

Sublingual and submental arteries and veins

Question 38

Describe the innervation of the sublingual salivary glands

Answer 38

Same as that of the submandibular salivary glands; receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation