Embryology

Question 1

Which cranial nerves innervate each of the pharyngeal arches?

Answer 1

1 - Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
2 - Facial nerve (CN VII)
3 - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
4 - Superior laryngeal branch of Vagus nerve (CN X)
6 - Recurrent laryngeal branch of Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 2

Which muscles form from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Answer 2

Muscles of mastication
Tensor palatini
Tensor tympani
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric

Question 3

Which bones form from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Answer 3

Maxilla
Mandible
Malleus
Incus

Question 4

Which muscles form from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Answer 4

Muscles of facial expression
Stapedius
Stylohyoid
Posterior belly of digastric

Question 5

Which bones form from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Answer 5

Stapes
Styloid
Part of the hyoid

Question 6

Which structures form from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

Answer 6

Body and greater horn of hyoid bone

Stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 7

Which structures form from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

Answer 7

Pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles (for swallowing and phonation)
Laryngeal cartilages

Question 8

From which embryological layer does most glandular tissue arise?

Answer 8

Endoderm