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Head and Neck > Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

List the four compartments of the neck

A

Vertebral compartment
Vascular compartments
Visceral compartment
Musculofascial compartment

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2
Q

Name the four subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A

Submental
Submandibular
Carotid
Muscular

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3
Q

What are the bony attachments of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Mastoid process

Manubrium (of sternum), Clavicle

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4
Q

What innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Accessory nerve

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5
Q

Which structure forms the posterior border of the posterior triangle?

A

Trapezius muscle

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6
Q

Which structures occupy the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

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7
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery

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8
Q

Name the three parts of the hyoid bone

A

Greater horn
Lesser horn
Body

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9
Q

Which muscles are collectively known as the “strap muscles”?

A

Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid

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10
Q

Name the four suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid

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11
Q

Name the four infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid

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12
Q

Which vertebral roots form the cervical plexus?

A

Ventral rami of C1 - C4

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13
Q

Describe the anatomical location of the thyroid gland

A

Visceral compartment of the neck
Vertebral levels C5 - T1
Inferior to thyroid cartilage

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14
Q

Why must the thyroid gland be highly vascularised? Which arteries supply it?

A

It is an endocrine gland so secretes horomones directly into the blood
Supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries

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15
Q

From which nerve does the recurrent laryngeal nerve arise?

A

Vagus nerve

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16
Q

Which nerves innervate the thyroid gland?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

17
Q

What are the parathyroid glands?

A

Small endocrine glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Secrete parathyroid hormone which controls calcium levels
Damage to the parathyroid glands can cause hypocalcaemia

18
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric (anterior and posterior bellies)

19
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles and their innervation

A

Sternohyoid - C1-C3
Omohyoid - C1-C3
Sternothyroid - C2 and C3
Thyrohyoid - C1 via hypoglossal nerve

20
Q

What structures are found in the temporal fossa?

A

Majority of the temporalis muscle
Superficial temporal artery
Deep temporal artery and nerves

21
Q

What is the infratemporal fossa?

A

Infratemporal fossa - an irregular space located deep to the masseter muscle and zygomatic arch

22
Q

Which foramina open into the roof of the infratemporal fossa from the cranial cavity? Which structures pass through these foramen?

A

Foramen ovale - mandibular nerve and motor root of trigeminal nerve

Foramen spinosum - middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein, and the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve

23
Q

Which structures are located in the infratemporal fossa?

A 
Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
Mandibular nerve and its sensory branches
Chorda tympani
Otic ganglion
Maxillary artery and vein
Middle meningeal artery and vein
Pterygoid venous plexus
24
Q

Describe the relation of the muscles of mastication to the infratemporal fossa

A

Medial and lateral pterygoids are located within the fossa

Masseter and Temporalis muscles insert/originate into borders of the fossa

25
Q

List the branches of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

A

Auriculotemporal nerve
Buccal nerve
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve

26
Q

What is the otic ganglion?

A

A small group of parasympathetic nerve bodies located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa, on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve
Nerve fibres from the ganglion travel with the auriculotemporal nerve to innervate the parotid gland

Head and Neck (13 decks)

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