physiology 5

Question 1

TBW is higher in

Answer 1

males, lean ppl, and children (ecf/icf IS HIGH)

Question 2

60% of the male body is fluid, which is more ICF or ECF?

Answer 2

2/3 ICF, 1/3 ECF

Question 3

the percentage of ECF that’s intersitital fluid and plasma

Answer 3

80% interstitial, 20% plasma

Question 4

how much is 60% of water equal to? In a 70kg male

Answer 4

42L

Question 5

Whats the major cation in ICF and whats the major anion

Answer 5

Major cation: K . Major anion HPO4

Question 6

major cation in ECF

Answer 6

Na

Question 7

Major anion in ECF

Answer 7

Cl

Question 8

3/4 of the ECF is

Answer 8

interstitial fluid

Question 9

whats transcellular fluid and is it part of the ICF or ECF

Answer 9

part of the ECF, lymph, CSF, SYNOVIVAL, SERIOUS FLUID

Question 10

plasma has ____mmol of Na

Answer 10

140-145

Question 11

INTERSITIAL fluid has ________mmol of Na

Answer 11

145

Question 12

intraceullar fluid has ________mmol of K

Answer 12

140

Question 13

Food contains _____amount of water

Answer 13

700mL

Question 14

metabolism provides ______amount of water

Answer 14

200

Question 15

Drinking per day should be _______

Answer 15

1600 mL

Question 16

how much water is lost in stool?

Answer 16

100

Question 17

How much water is lost in sweat

Answer 17

100

Question 18

how much water is lost insensibly (lung and skin)

Answer 18

800

Question 19

How much water is lost through urine?

Answer 19

1500

Question 20

Fluid intake is regulated by

Answer 20

thirst center

Question 21

urin evolume is regulated by

Answer 21

ADH

Question 22

Thirst and ADH secreteion are controlled by centers in the hypothalamus, when are they stimulated?

Answer 22

increase in plasma osmolarity, reduction in plasma volume

Question 23

When is ADH secreted and when is angiotensin 2 secreted?

Answer 23

increase plasma osmolatiry –> ADH, decrease plasma volume –> angiotensin, but its also important to note that Angio2 also causes a relase in ADH :D

Question 24

List high risk groups of electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 24

– Children and old people.
– Surgical patients.
– Patients with pre-existing disease:
• Renal.
• Cardiovascular.
• Gastrointestinal.

Question 25

abnormal fluid in interstitial spaces.

Answer 25

edema

Question 26

State examples for Effectivevolumedepletion

Answer 26

edema, heart failuree

Question 27

internal sequestration

Answer 27

ascities, ppleural effusion

Question 28

symptoms of hypovolemia

Answer 28

– Thirst,posturaldizziness,weakness.

Question 29

7% volume loss is considered to be

Answer 29

moderate

Question 30

more abnormal skin turgor

Answer 30

hypernatremia dehydration

Question 31

falsely normal skin turgor

Answer 31

hyponatremic dehyration

Question 32

water intoxication can cause convulsion, coma and death, that can be presented in

Answer 32

hyponatremic dehyration

Question 33

primary renal sodium retention

Answer 33

– Glomerulonephritis. | – Acuterenalfailure.

Question 34

Hormone excess:

Answer 34

– Conn’ssyndrome(moreAldosteronesecretion). – Cushing’ssyndrome(HighlevelofCortisol). – SIADH(syndromeofinappropriateantidiuretichormone).

Question 35

Reducedoncoticpressure

Answer 35

nephrotic syndrome

Question 36

combined abnormality in starling forces

Answer 36

cirrhosis

Question 37

LVF, RVF, constrictive pericarditis, | vena caval or portal vein obstruction are all examples offffff

Answer 37

increased hydrostatic venous pressure

Question 38

``` Symptoms: – Weight gain. – Breathlessness. – Abdominal or ankle swelling. – Increased urinary output. • Signs: – Full, bounding pulse. – Hypertension. – RVF (oedema, increase JVP, enlarged liver) and LVF. – Peripheral oedema, pleural effusions and ascites. ```

Answer 38

hypervolemia

Question 39

list 4 causes of edema

Answer 39

1. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. 2. Increased capillary membrane permeability. 3. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure. 4. Lymphatic obstruction.

Question 40

Salt or water retention causes __________, list examples

Answer 40

increased hydrostatic pressure. – Congestiveheartfailure. – Renalfailure. – Pregnancy.

Question 41

increased capillary permeability

Answer 41

– Inflammation. | – Immune responses. – Burns.

Question 42

filaria, surgical removal of LN are all examples of

Answer 42

lymphatic obstruction