physiology 5 Flashcards
TBW is higher in
males, lean ppl, and children (ecf/icf IS HIGH)
60% of the male body is fluid, which is more ICF or ECF?
2/3 ICF, 1/3 ECF
the percentage of ECF that’s intersitital fluid and plasma
80% interstitial, 20% plasma
how much is 60% of water equal to? In a 70kg male
42L
Whats the major cation in ICF and whats the major anion
Major cation: K . Major anion HPO4
major cation in ECF
Na
Major anion in ECF
Cl
3/4 of the ECF is
interstitial fluid
whats transcellular fluid and is it part of the ICF or ECF
part of the ECF, lymph, CSF, SYNOVIVAL, SERIOUS FLUID
plasma has ____mmol of Na
140-145
INTERSITIAL fluid has ________mmol of Na
145
intraceullar fluid has ________mmol of K
140
Food contains _____amount of water
700mL
metabolism provides ______amount of water
200
Drinking per day should be _______
1600 mL
how much water is lost in stool?
100
How much water is lost in sweat
100
how much water is lost insensibly (lung and skin)
800
How much water is lost through urine?
1500
Fluid intake is regulated by
thirst center
urin evolume is regulated by
ADH
Thirst and ADH secreteion are controlled by centers in the hypothalamus, when are they stimulated?
increase in plasma osmolarity, reduction in plasma volume
When is ADH secreted and when is angiotensin 2 secreted?
increase plasma osmolatiry –> ADH, decrease plasma volume –> angiotensin, but its also important to note that Angio2 also causes a relase in ADH :D
List high risk groups of electrolyte imbalance?
– Children and old people. – Surgical patients. – Patients with pre-existing disease: • Renal. • Cardiovascular. • Gastrointestinal.
abnormal fluid in interstitial spaces.
edema
State examples for Effectivevolumedepletion
edema, heart failuree
internal sequestration
ascities, ppleural effusion
symptoms of hypovolemia
– Thirst,posturaldizziness,weakness.
7% volume loss is considered to be
moderate
more abnormal skin turgor
hypernatremia dehydration
falsely normal skin turgor
hyponatremic dehyration
water intoxication can cause convulsion, coma and death, that can be presented in
hyponatremic dehyration
primary renal sodium retention
– Glomerulonephritis.
– Acuterenalfailure.
Hormone excess:
– Conn’ssyndrome(moreAldosteronesecretion).
– Cushing’ssyndrome(HighlevelofCortisol).
– SIADH(syndromeofinappropriateantidiuretichormone).
Reducedoncoticpressure
nephrotic syndrome
combined abnormality in starling forces
cirrhosis
LVF, RVF, constrictive pericarditis,
vena caval or portal vein obstruction are all examples offffff
increased hydrostatic venous pressure
Symptoms: – Weight gain. – Breathlessness. – Abdominal or ankle swelling. – Increased urinary output. • Signs: – Full, bounding pulse. – Hypertension. – RVF (oedema, increase JVP, enlarged liver) and LVF. – Peripheral oedema, pleural effusions and ascites.
hypervolemia
list 4 causes of edema
- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
- Increased capillary membrane permeability.
- Decreased capillary oncotic pressure.
- Lymphatic obstruction.
Salt or water retention causes __________, list examples
increased hydrostatic pressure. – Congestiveheartfailure. – Renalfailure.
– Pregnancy.
increased capillary permeability
– Inflammation.
– Immune responses. – Burns.
filaria, surgical removal of LN are all examples of
lymphatic obstruction
