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Kinesiology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 forms of energy are used in the human body?

A

Chemical and heat energy

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2
Q

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It is simply transformed.

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3
Q

How do we get energy?

A

Transfer the energy from one biological substance to another.

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4
Q

What happens to the food we eat?

A

It breaks down and creates heat energy

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5
Q

What is heat energy used to make?

A

ATP

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6
Q

What is the most important substance to us?

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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7
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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8
Q

What is ATP made up of?

A

An adenine molecule
A ribose molecule
3 phosphates

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9
Q

How are the three phosphates of ATP held together? What happens when they split?

A

They are held together by a strong chemical bond. When this bond is broken, energy is given off, allowing the muscles to work.

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10
Q

When ATP loses a phosphate, where does the energy go?

A

When our muscles move to create movement, heat is given off to maintain equilibrium.

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11
Q

What does ATP become when it loses a phosphate?

A

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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12
Q

What happens to the separated phosphate?

A

It looks for somewhere else to bond to and will use some of the heat as energy to re-bond.

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13
Q

What is ATP?

A

The usable form of energy in our body
The currency of energy in our body
Can be stored intramuscularly
Can also be produced

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14
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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15
Q

What are the 3 systems in our bodies that use the energy from ATP?

A

1) anaerobic alactic
2) anaerobic lactic
3) aerobic

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16
Q

What is the anaerobic alactic system also called?

A

The ATP-PC system

17
Q

What is the anaerobic alactic energy system?

A

Stored up energy system that does not use oxygen and does not produce lactic acid. It is the simplest, most rapid method of producing ATP.

18
Q

How does anaerobic alactic energy happen?

A

It happens intramuscularly, when stored ATP is broken down into ADP. The ADP then finds a phosphate from creating phosphate to become ATP again

19
Q

How much creatine phosphate can muscle cells store? What does this mean?

A

Very little, so the system will only last for 10 seconds or less.

20
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work

21
Q

Describe the anaerobic lactic energy system

A

does not require the immediate consumption of oxygen but does produce lactic acid.

22
Q

What can the anaerobic lactic energy system also be called?

A

Glycolosis

23
Q

How is glucose brought the the muscles and how is it stored?

A

It is brought by the blood and is stored intramuscularly as glycogen.

24
Q

What must you have when the anaerobic lactic process begins?

A

An energized glucose molecule with ATP attached.

25
Q

After the glucose molecules go through chemical changes, what is the end product?

A

Pyruvate (pyruvic acid)

The gross production of ATP at this point is 4

26
Q

What is the net production of ATP from anaerobic glucose degradation?

A

2 ATP because 2 of the 4 were used to run the chemical changes necessary to get the pyruvate.

27
Q

What is pyruvate?

A

The good molecule that is the bridge into the aerobic energy system.

28
Q

What happens if there is too much pyruvate (or glucose broken down) present?

A

The aerobic system cannot handle it all.

29
Q

What is the bridge between the anaerobic lactic system and the aerobic system able to handle?

A

Only so many pyruvates to pass. The size of the bridge depend on how much oxygen there is.

30
Q

What happens when glucose/glycogen is broken down slowly enough?

A

The heart will pump enough oxygen to allow the muscles to work aerobically, or cross the bridge to the Kreb’s Cycle.

31
Q

What happens if the muscles are working too fast?

A

There is not enough oxygen available so the pyruvate changes to lactic acid.

32
Q

What are the effects of lactic acid?

A
  • Change the pH of the muscle cell
  • Changes in pH will make enzymes/co-enzymes ineffective
  • Enzymes can no longer break down nutrients
  • Muscles will slow down and eventually stop

Kinesiology (5 decks)

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