Physiology Flashcards
Estimate the number of types of cells in the human body?
250
True or false: The The plasma membrane is mostly composed of a single layer of phospholipids?
False: It’s a Bilayer
extra info: it has two layers of phospholipids with their hydrophobic tails facing each other and hydrophilic heads facing outwards.
Estimate total fluid Volume of each body Compartment
Intracellular
interstitial
Circulating
Extracellular
Interstitial fluid → 26%,
intracellular fluid → 66%,
Circulating fluid → 7%,
Extracellular fluid → 33%
what is Osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water from an area with high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration, across a semi-permeable membrane
What is Diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of any molecule from where it is highly concentrated to where it is of low concentration.
Are Osmosis and Diffusion passive or active processess?
Passive
What decribes the body’s ability to maintain its normal state?
Homeostasis
The point at which an impulse is tramsmitted from one neuron to another neuron is called?
The synapse
Can you describe three methods by which substances are transported across the cell membrane?
- Passive:
Diffusion the movement of a molecule from an are area of high to low concentration
Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high solute concentration to a low solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane
It doesn’t require energy
- Active transport
the movement of substances against a concentration gradient from low to high concentration e.g: sodium/potassium pump essential for the maintenance of electrochemical gradient/membrane in nerve and muscle cells.
- Bulk transport- Endocytosis
Engulfing of large molecules or particles into the cell. The cell membrane forms a vesicle around the substance and brings it inside..
Phagocytosis (cell eating)for solid particles
Pinocytosis (cell drinking) for fluids.
Where does Meiosis occur?
In the Gonads
Where does Mitosis Occur?
In most body cells
Which routes are suitable for drugs destroyed by first pass Metabolism?
Intravenous and Intramuscular
What is always true about Pro Drugs?
They are given in inactive form and metabolized to active.
If a drug has 100% bioavailability what is true?
the drug can be given intravenously and will enter systemic circulation.
If a drug is administered at intervals equal to its elimination half life, How many doses required for the plasma concentration of the drug to reach the steady state?
4-5
What can excessive vitamin A do to a child?
It can damage Neurological development
True or False-Adverse drug reactions caused by the pharmacodynamics of the drug are predictable from what is known about the drug?
True
True or false-
Type B unwanted effects are predictable from the known effects of the drug?
False
