Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

foundations of medicine 2 > physiology > Flashcards

physiology Flashcards

1
Q

describe the structure of a capillary

A

single layer of endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

role of terminal arterioles

A

regulate regional blood flow to the capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

role of precapillary sphincters

A

regulate flow in few tissues e.g. mesentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is ultra-filtration

A

exchange across the capillary wall of protein free plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do lipid soluble substances diffuse into capillaries

A

through endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do water soluble substances diffuse into capillaries

A

through water filled pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do we calculate net filtration pressure

A

forces favouring filtration - forces opposing filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the name of forces involved in transcapillary fluid flow

A

starling forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is filtration favoured in a capillary

A

at the arteriolar end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is reabsorption favoured in a capillary

A

at the venular end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 2 forces that favour filtration

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure
interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure due to the blood flow across the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

role of capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

forces water out of the capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

A

pressure of the proteins in the interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

role of interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

A

pulls fluid out of the capillary (negligible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name the 2 forces that oppose filtration

A

capillary osmotic pressure
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is capillary osmotic pressure

A

the pressure due to the presence of plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

role of capillary osmotic pressure

A

draws water from the interstitium back into the capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure of the fluid in the interstitium

19
Q

role of interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

A

forces fluid back into the capillary (negligible)

20
Q

what do starling forces favour in pulmonary capillaries

A

reabsorption

21
Q

benefit of starling forces in pulmonary capillaries

A

prevents the accumulation of interstitial fluid in the lungs (would affect gas exchange)

22
Q

what is oedema

A

accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space

23
Q

where in the body is ammonia synthesised

A

in the liver

24
Q

what mediates bile excretion

A

ATP

25
Q

what happens during phase 1 of drug metabolism

A

oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis

26
Q

what is phase 1 of drug metabolism done by

A

CYP450 in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes

27
Q

what happens in phase 2 of drug metabolsim

A

conjugation in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

28
Q

what happens in phase 3 of drug metabolism

A

secretion into the bile

29
Q

what is stored in the liver

A

fat soluble vitamins
iron, copper
glycogen

30
Q

role of kupffer cells in the liver

A

digest/destroy particulate matter

31
Q

where is bile produced

A

hepatocytes

32
Q

roles of bile

A

assist micelle formation, neutralise chyme, protection of mucosa

33
Q

role of the gallbladder in bile production

A

where it is stored and concentrated

34
Q

secretion of bile during a meal (3)

A

chyme in duodenum stimulates gall bladder smooth muscle contraction
sphincter of oddi opens
bile spurts into the duodenum

35
Q

how does bile enter the duodenum

A

via cystic and common bile ducts

36
Q

what is liver cirrhosis

A

bands of fibrosis separating regenerative nodules of hepatocytes

37
Q

what commonly causes liver cirrhosis

A

alcohol consumption and Hep C

38
Q

is liver cirrhosis reversible ?

A

NO

39
Q

pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis

A

chronic inflammation damages liver leading to activation of hepatic stellate cells in the space of dis
increase fibrosis leading to cirrhosis

40
Q

name some clinical signs of compensated cirrhosis

A

spider naevi
palmar erythema
clubbing
gynaecomastia

41
Q

clinical features of decompensated liver cirrhosis

A

jaundice
ascites
encephalopathy
easy bruising

42
Q

investigations for liver cirrhosis

A

serum markers
imaging
biopsy

43
Q

what is used to determine the level of liver damage in cirrhosis

A

liver elastography

44
Q

serum markers in liver cirrhosis

A

decreased albumin
increased prothrombin time
increased bilirubin

foundations of medicine 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions