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foundations of medicine 2 > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the autonomic nervous system

A

mediates output from the CNS to the whole body

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1
Q

describe the basic organisation of the motor ANS

A

2 motor neurones in series: preganglionic and postganglionic

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2
Q

neurotransmitter in preganglionic neurones

A

acetylcholine

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3
Q

neurotransmitter in postganglionic sympathetic neurones

A

noradrenaline

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4
Q

neurotransmitter in postganglionic parasympathetic neurones

A

acetylcholine

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5
Q

where do preganglionic neurones originate in the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

thoracolumbar region

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6
Q

what is the role of the sympathetic ANS

A

fight or flight

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7
Q

what are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

A

ligand-gated ion channels activated by acetylcholine, involved in cholinergic transmission

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8
Q

what are muscarinic cholinoceptors

A

G-protein coupled receptors activated by acetylcholine in parasympathetic transmission.

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9
Q

what are adrenoceptors

A

G-protein coupled receptors activated by adrenaline/noradrenaline

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10
Q

name the 2 main classes of adrenoceptors

A

alpha and beta

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11
Q

what are b1 adrenoceptors coupled with

A

Gs

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12
Q

what are b2 adrenoceptors coupled with

A

Gs

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13
Q

what are a1 adrenoceptors coupled with

A

Gq

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14
Q

what are a2 adrenoceptors coupled with

A

Gi

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15
Q

role of b1 adrenoceptors

A

increase heart rate and force of contraction

16
Q

role of b2 adrenoceptors

A

relaxation of bronchial and vascular smooth muscle

17
Q

role of a1 adrenoceptors

A

contraction of vascular smooth muscle

18
Q

role of a2 adrenoceptors

A

inhibition of NA release

19
Q

where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurones originate

A

craniosacral region

20
Q

which kind of receptors is the parasympathetic ANS stimulated by

A

muscarinic cholinoceptors

21
Q

what are M1 receptors coupled with

A

Gq

22
Q

what are M2 receptors coupled with

A

Gi

23
Q

what are M3 receptors coupled with

A

Gq

24
Q

role of M1 receptors

A

increases stomach acid secretion

25
Q

role of M2 receptors

A

decrease heart rate

26
Q

role of M3 receptors

A

increases saliva secretion
increases contraction of visceral smooth muscles in the bronchioles

27
Q

how can vascular smooth muscle indirectly relaxed

A

via NO

28
Q

MOA of salbutamol

A

selective agonist at B2 -> bronchodilator

29
Q

MOA of atropine

A

competitive antagonist of muscarinic ACh receptors
reverses bradycardia

30
Q

MOA of cocaine

A

blocks U1, increasing the concentration of NA in the synaptic cleft

foundations of medicine 2 (12 decks)

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