microbiology Flashcards
shape of cocci
spheres
shape of streptococci
chains
shape of staphylococci
clusters
shape of bacilli
rod shaped
shape of vibrio
slightly curved rod
gram staining of vibrio
gram negative
what are spirillum
rigid spiral bacterium
what are spirochaete
flexible spiral bacterium
what are fusiform bacteria
long, slender rods
what is the capsule of a bacteria
outermost later
what are spores
inert structures that are resistant to physical and chemical challenge
what staining is used for TB
ziehl-neeson staining
what are capnophiles
bacteria who like high levels of CO2
role of mannitol salt agar
allows preferential isolation of staph
role of macconkey agar
facilitates the identification of Enterobacteriaceae
how can we identify different types of strep
haemolysis
what is a-haemolysis
partial haemolysis
which strep are a-haemolytic
strep pneumo + viridans
what is b-haemolysis
complete haemolysis
what strep are b-haemolytic
group A and B strep
what strep are non-haemolytic
enterococcus
how do we identify different types of staph
coagulase test
coagulase positive staph
staph aureus
give an example of a coagulase negative staph
staph epi
how do serological tests work
use an antibody-antigen interaction to help identify bacteria
what is a pathogen
harmful organism that produces a pathology
what is virulence
the capacity of a microbe to cause damage to its host
what is a commensal
an organism that is part of the normal flora
name 2 gram negative bacteria
neisseria
escherichia
what is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
name 4 gut commensal coliforms
E.coli
klebsiella
enterobacter
proteus
first line antibiotic for coliforms
gentamicin
name 3 significant gut pathogens
salmonella
shigella
E.coli O157
define fever
temp > 38
what increases the bodys thermal set point
prostaglandin E released from the hypothalamus
importance of c.dif
causes antibiotic-associated diarrhoea
what causes gas gangrene
c.perfringens
importance of c.tetani
causes tetanus
what is bacteraemia
the presence of viable bacteria in the blood
Enterobacteriaceae on MacConkey agar
turns it pink
describe H.pylori
gram negative flagellated bacillus
spread of H.pylori
oral-oral, faecal-oral
acute infection of H.pylori causes…
neutrophilic gastritis
chronic infection of h.pylori causes…
non-atrophic superficial gastritis
antibiotic for coliforms
gentamicin
antibiotic for anaerobes
metronidazole
antibiotics for intra-abdominal sepsis
gentamicin, amoxicillin, metronidazole