physiology

Question 1

what does attachment theory suggest

Answer 1

the most important predictor of personality development is the child’s early relationship with their primary caregiver

Question 2

what are the 4 stages of attachment

Answer 2

asocial stage
indiscriminate attachment
specific attachments
multiple attachments

Question 3

how long does the asocial stage last

Answer 3

0-6 weeks

Question 4

how long does indiscriminate attachment last

Answer 4

6 weeks to 7 months

Question 5

how long does the specific attachments stage last for

Answer 5

7-11 months

Question 7

name the 3 main attachment styles

Answer 7

secure
ambivalent
avoidant

Question 8

view of self with people with insecure avoidant attachment

Answer 8

unloved, self-reliant

Question 9

view of others with people with insecure avoidant attachment

Answer 9

rejective, controlling, intrusive

Question 10

name some characteristic behaviours of someone with insecure avoidant attachment style

Answer 10

avoid intimacy
hard to engage
‘cold’
don’t feel a huge need for other people

Question 11

self view of a person with insecure ambivalent attachment

Answer 11

low value, ineffective, dependent

Question 12

view of others in a person with insecure ambivalent attachment

Answer 12

insensitive, unpredictable, unreliable

Question 13

characteristic behaviours of someone with insecure ambivalent attachment

Answer 13

disruptive, attention seeking
can alternate between friendly charm and hostile affection
antisocial behaviour and impulsivity

Question 14

what is a secure base

Answer 14

the attachment figure/relationship which provides a safe space from which to explore the world

Question 15

what is a safe haven

Answer 15

the attachment figure/relationship that provides a safe space to retreat to at times of danger or anxiety

Question 16

what is attunement

Answer 16

process between caregiver and infant in which they are able to ‘tune in’ to each other’s physical and emotional states

Question 17

benefit of attunement

Answer 17

infants learn to manage stress and anxiety

Question 18

what is temperament

Answer 18

the basic foundation of personality

Question 19

what are the 4 types of temperament

Answer 19

easy
difficult
slow to warm up
no category

Question 20

indication of the onset of puberty in females

Answer 20

breast buds

Question 21

indication of the onset of puberty in males

Answer 21

increase in testicular volume

Question 22

average age of onset of puberty

Answer 22

11 for females and 6 months later for males

Question 23

what is used to stage puberty

Answer 23

tanner staging

Question 24

what is true central precocious puberty

Answer 24

normal pubertal development occurring early
<8 in girls, <9 in boys

Question 25

pubertal delay

Answer 25

absence of secondary sexual development in girls aged 13 and boys aged 14

Question 26

why are boys usually taller than girls

Answer 26

more testosterone and delayed peak height velocity

Question 27

define short stature

Answer 27

less than 2nd centile or > 2SDs below mid-parental height

Question 28

define adolescence

Answer 28

10-19 years

Question 29

define youth

Answer 29

15-24 years

Question 30

define young people

Answer 30

10-24 years

Question 31

basic tool used to asses developmental stage

Answer 31

STEP

Question 33

what does STEP stand for

Answer 33

sexual maturation and growth
thinking
education/employment
peers/parents

Question 34

what is a sweaty baby a sign of

Answer 34

cardiac problem

Question 35

what are the 3 main factors that influence development

Answer 35

genetic
environmental
nutritional

Question 36

direction of motor development in children

Answer 36

cephalocaudal

Question 37

what are the 4 main areas of child development

Answer 37

gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play

Question 38

what are developmental milestones

Answer 38

key stage when a new skill is developed

Question 39

what is the median age in development

Answer 39

the age when 50% of the population achieve a skill

Question 40

what is the limit age in development

Answer 40

the age when the skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children

Question 41

why is it important that primitive motor reflexes are lost

Answer 41

to allow for the development of voluntary movement

Question 42

what is sucking and rooting reflex involved in

Answer 42

breastfeeding

Question 43

role of the palmar and plantar grasp reflex

Answer 43

a baby will grasp objects placed in their hand or foot

Question 44

what is the moro reflex

Answer 44

when babies head suddenly falls back, infant grasps with arms

Question 45

what is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Answer 45

if a babies head turns to one side, limbs flex and extend on on side to stabilise baby

Question 46

when will the average baby be walking by

Answer 46

12 months

Question 47

what is developmental delay

Answer 47

failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for a childs age

Question 48

what is global developmental delay

Answer 48

significant delay in 2+ of the 4 areas of development

Question 49

what is another name for global developmental delay in school age children

Answer 49

learning or intellectual disability

Question 51

name some prenatal causes of global developmental delay

Answer 51

down syndrome
PKU, hypothyroidism
TORCH infections
maternal substance missuse

Question 52

name 2 perinatal causes of global developmental delay

Answer 52

prematurity, asphyxia

Question 53

name some postnatal causes of global developmental delay

Answer 53

meningitis
accidental and NAI
severe neglect, malnutrition