physiology Flashcards
what does attachment theory suggest
the most important predictor of personality development is the child’s early relationship with their primary caregiver
what are the 4 stages of attachment
asocial stage
indiscriminate attachment
specific attachments
multiple attachments
how long does the asocial stage last
0-6 weeks
how long does indiscriminate attachment last
6 weeks to 7 months
how long does the specific attachments stage last for
7-11 months
name the 3 main attachment styles
secure
ambivalent
avoidant
view of self with people with insecure avoidant attachment
unloved, self-reliant
view of others with people with insecure avoidant attachment
rejective, controlling, intrusive
name some characteristic behaviours of someone with insecure avoidant attachment style
avoid intimacy
hard to engage
‘cold’
don’t feel a huge need for other people
self view of a person with insecure ambivalent attachment
low value, ineffective, dependent
view of others in a person with insecure ambivalent attachment
insensitive, unpredictable, unreliable
characteristic behaviours of someone with insecure ambivalent attachment
disruptive, attention seeking
can alternate between friendly charm and hostile affection
antisocial behaviour and impulsivity
what is a secure base
the attachment figure/relationship which provides a safe space from which to explore the world
what is a safe haven
the attachment figure/relationship that provides a safe space to retreat to at times of danger or anxiety
what is attunement
process between caregiver and infant in which they are able to ‘tune in’ to each other’s physical and emotional states
benefit of attunement
infants learn to manage stress and anxiety
what is temperament
the basic foundation of personality
what are the 4 types of temperament
easy
difficult
slow to warm up
no category
indication of the onset of puberty in females
breast buds
indication of the onset of puberty in males
increase in testicular volume
average age of onset of puberty
11 for females and 6 months later for males
what is used to stage puberty
tanner staging
what is true central precocious puberty
normal pubertal development occurring early
<8 in girls, <9 in boys
pubertal delay
absence of secondary sexual development in girls aged 13 and boys aged 14
why are boys usually taller than girls
more testosterone and delayed peak height velocity
define short stature
less than 2nd centile or > 2SDs below mid-parental height
define adolescence
10-19 years
define youth
15-24 years
define young people
10-24 years
basic tool used to asses developmental stage
STEP
what does STEP stand for
sexual maturation and growth
thinking
education/employment
peers/parents
what is a sweaty baby a sign of
cardiac problem
what are the 3 main factors that influence development
genetic
environmental
nutritional
direction of motor development in children
cephalocaudal
what are the 4 main areas of child development
gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play
what are developmental milestones
key stage when a new skill is developed
what is the median age in development
the age when 50% of the population achieve a skill
what is the limit age in development
the age when the skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children
why is it important that primitive motor reflexes are lost
to allow for the development of voluntary movement
what is sucking and rooting reflex involved in
breastfeeding
role of the palmar and plantar grasp reflex
a baby will grasp objects placed in their hand or foot
what is the moro reflex
when babies head suddenly falls back, infant grasps with arms
what is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
if a babies head turns to one side, limbs flex and extend on on side to stabilise baby
when will the average baby be walking by
12 months
what is developmental delay
failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for a childs age
what is global developmental delay
significant delay in 2+ of the 4 areas of development
what is another name for global developmental delay in school age children
learning or intellectual disability
name some prenatal causes of global developmental delay
down syndrome
PKU, hypothyroidism
TORCH infections
maternal substance missuse
name 2 perinatal causes of global developmental delay
prematurity, asphyxia
name some postnatal causes of global developmental delay
meningitis
accidental and NAI
severe neglect, malnutrition
