acutely ill child - gastrointestinal Flashcards
what is gastroenteritis
inflammation from the stomach to the intestines
most common cause of gastroenteritis
viral: rotavirus, norovirus
clinical presentation of gastroenteritis
N+V, diarrhoea
management of gastrenteritis
maintain hydration
what is congenital pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine
symptoms of pyloric stenosis
projectile vomiting (usually milk) most commonly after the baby is fed
still keen to feed
when does pyloric stenosis most commonly present
6 weeks
clinical signs of pyloric stenosis
dehydration
peristalsis across the abdomen
may feel a mass
clinical sign of dehydration in a baby
sunken fontanelle
investigation for pyloric stenosis
US scan of upper abdo
management of pyloric stenosis
pyloromyotomy
what is volvulus
loop of intestine wraps around itself and the mesentery causing obstruction
what can predispose to midgut volvulus
congenital malrotation
what can predispose to segmental volvulus
meconium ileus
clinical presentation of volvulus
abdo pain and bloating
vomiting green bile
constipation
bloody stool
investigation of volvulus
AXR
management of volvulus
surgery
what is intussusception
bowel telescopes into itself narrowing the lumen and obstructing the passage of faeces
clinical sign of intussusception
redcurrant jelly stool
RUQ mass
investigation of intussusception
USS- target sign
management of intussusception
air reduction
surgical reduction if it doesn’t work
main differential for an acute abdo presentation in a child
appendicitis
investigation of appendicitis
US abdomen
management of appendicitis
appendicectomy
