Physiology

Question 1

Only artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 1

Pulmonary arteriole

Question 2

what is tidal volume?

Answer 2

the volume of air that is inspired and expired during each respiratory cycle

Question 3

if the diaphragm is paralysed what happens during inspiration?

Answer 3

it move upwards instead of downwards because intrathoracic pressure falls.
note: this is called paradoxical movement

Question 4

what happens to respiration when there’s damage to the phrenic nerve?

Answer 4

hyperventilation which eventually leads to death cuz the diaphragm not working

Question 5

asthmatics have difficulty in what?

Answer 5

expiration

Question 6

deficiency in surfactant causes what?

Answer 6

• increased surface tension
• decreased compliance
• pulmonary oedema
• respiratory distress syndrome or hyaline membrane disease

Question 7

whats the anatomical dead space?

Answer 7

the volume of air occupying the upper airways cuz there is no alveoli there

Question 8

alveolar dead space?

Answer 8

• the volume of air that reaches the alveoli but does not get perfused
• should be virtually zero

Question 9

physiological dead space?

Answer 9

• the part of the tidal volume that does not take place in gaseous exchange.
• Physiological dead space = anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space (which should be zero)

Question 10

what is perfusion?

Answer 10

the amount of blood flow to the alveoli

Question 11

factors affecting lung volume and capacities?

Answer 11

• age, gender, height, body build
• disease state (emphysema, COPD, asthma, obstructive vs restrictive)
• fitness/lifestyle