Nose & nasal cavity

Question 1

External part is nose is supplied by which nerves?

Answer 1

• external nasal nerve
• infratrochlear branch of nasociliary nerve
• nasal branches of infraorbital nerve

Question 2

Blood supply of skin of nose?

Answer 2

• external nasal artery from anterior ethmoidal artery
• dorsal nasal artery (terminal branch of ophthalmic artery)
• lateral nasal branch of facial artery

Question 3

Nasal intubation for anesthetic purpose more easily performed along inferior meatus. T or F.

Answer 3

T

Question 4

ridge between vestibule and nasal cavity proper?

Answer 4

Limen nasi

Question 5

Sphenoethmoidal recess lies where?

Answer 5

• lies above and behind superior concha.
• note: receives ostium of sphenoidal air sinus

Question 6

Atrium is bounded anteriorly and above by what ridge?

Answer 6

Agger nasi

Question 7

Main blood supply of nasal cavity?

Answer 7

• sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery (anastomoses with septal branch of superior labial artery and greater palatine artery)
• Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of ophthalmic artery also supply parts of the nasal cavity
• Kiss my ass (kiesselbach’s + posterior ethmoidal)

Question 8

Most common site for epistaxis?

Answer 8

Kiesselbach’s plexus/ little’s area (Anterior ethmoid artery, Sphenopalatine artery of maxillary artery, Septal branch of superior labial artery, Greater palatine artery)

LEGS!

Question 9

what are the four sinuses?

Answer 9

• maxillary
• ethmoidal
• frontal
• sphenoidal
  note: sinuses open into the nasal cavity

Question 10

frontal sinus is present at birth. T or F.

Answer 10

F- rudimentary at birth

Question 11

incoming odourants are made soluble by serous secretions from what?

Answer 11

Bowman’s glands (olfactory glands)

Question 12

what are the 3 types of cells in the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 12

• olfactory cells: form olfactory nerve cells which detect and transmit odour
• supporting cells: provide metabolic & physical support to the olfactory nerve cells
• basal cells: stem cells capable of division & differentiation

Question 13

function of olfactory epithelium?

Answer 13

detect and transmit odour
note: pseudostratified coloumnar epithelium w/out goblet cells or cilia

Question 14

describe respiratory epithelium.

Answer 14

ciliated pseudostratified coloumnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 15

hair-like projections in the vestibule is called what?

Answer 15

vibrissae

Question 16

veins of the face are connected to which sinsues?

Answer 16

cavernous sinus
note: Infection can produce thrombosis of cavernous sinus

Question 17

lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 17

• formed mainly by the maxilla
• Labyrinth of ethmoid bone, including superior and middle conchae
• inferior concha

Question 18

Depression in front of middle concha is called what?

Answer 18

atrium- leading into meatus behind it

Question 19

medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 19

• the nasal septum
• consists of bone and cartilage (septal cartilage)
• Vomer forms posterior border of nasal septum

Question 20

Floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

Upper surface of hard palate

Question 21

roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 21

• Central part: cribriform plate of ethmoid
• At the front: nasal spine of frontal bone and nasal bones
• At the back: sphenoid body

Question 22

Middle meatus presents what convex bulge beneath concha?

Answer 22

ethmoidal bulla of ethmoid (formed by the middle ethmoidal air cells)

Question 23

anterior to the bulla is what?

Answer 23

hiatus semi-lunaris (leads into the ethmoidal infundibulum)

Question 24

nerve supply to the quadrants of the nasal cavity?

Answer 24

• anterosuperior: anterior ethmoidal nerve
• anteroinferior: anterior superior alveolar nerve
• posterosuperior: Posterior superior lateral nasal branch of pterygopalatine ganglion
• posteroinferior: Greater palatine branch from the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 25

blood supply to quadrants of the nasal cavity?

Answer 25

- anterosuperior: anterior ethmoidal artery (+ posterior ethmoidal artery + facial arteries)-likkle bit - anteroinferior: branches of the facial and greater palatine arteries - posterosuperior: sphenopalatine artery - posteroinferior: greater palatine artery

Question 26

function of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 26

contribute to warming and humidifying inspired air and they communicate with the nasal cavity.

Question 27

describe the maxillary sinus.

Answer 27

- cavity in the maxilla - pyramidal in shape - Present at birth, but no more than a slit; size of sinus increases after puberty - Opens in posterior part of infundibulum in middle meatus - Blood supply: small branches of facial, maxillary, infraorbital, greater palatine arteries

Question 28

describe the ethmoidal sinus.

Answer 28

- lateral part of ethmoid bone - Divided by bony septa into variable number of ethmoidal air cells (anterior, middle, posterior) - Anterior air cells usually open in infundibulum in middle meatus - Middle air cells drain into middle meatus. They form ethmoidal bulla - Posterior air cells drain into superior meatus

Question 29

describe the sphenoidal sinus.

Answer 29

- occupies the sphenoid bone - opens in sphenoethmoidal recess behind superior concha

Question 30

describe the frontal sinus.

Answer 30

- not present at birth - Important relations: orbit and anterior cranial fossa - Drains through ostium in frontonasal duct opening in the middle meatus

Question 31

lymphatic drainage of the face?

Answer 31

- maxillary nodes - submandibular nodes - deep cervical nodes

Question 32

lymphatic drainage of the nasal cavity?

Answer 32

- submandibular nodes - retropharyngeal nodes - deep cervical nodes