Larynx & Pharynx Flashcards
Which muscle abducts the vocal folds and opens the glottis?
Posterior cricoarytenoid m.
*PABlo escobar
the larynx houses the vocal folds essential for phonation. T or F.
T
Vocal folds located just above where the tract of the pharynx splits into trachea and esophagus. T or F.
F- located below
location of the larynx?
- posteriorly to the thyroid gland and anteriorly to the pharynx
- vertebral levels C3-C6
Joints? hint: 2
- cricothyroid joint (synovial)
- cricoarytenoid joint (synovial joint)
Ligaments n membranes? hint: 7
- thyrohyoid membrane
- hypoepiglottic ligament
- thyroepiglottic ligament
- cricotracheal membrane
- quadrangular membrane (epiglottis to arytenoid c.)
- cricothyroid ligament
- cricovocal membrane
Quadrangular membrane lower n upper border?
- lower: false vocal cords/vestibular ligament
- upper: mucous membrane makes the aryepiglottic fold
Which intrinsic muscles are responsible for adducting?
- lateral cricoarytenoid m
- arytenoid ms. (oblique n transverse)
note: close the vocal folds/ close glottis
Which intrinisic muscles are responsible for tensing/relaxing the vocal folds?
- cricothyroid m (lengthens and tenses the vocal folds- increases pitch)
- thyroarytenoid m (shortens and relaxes the vocal folds- decreases pitch)
medial fibres of thyroarytenoid m run parallel to the vocal ligament to form which muscle?
vocalis muscle (right under the vocal ligament and right above the thyroarytenoid m)
What are the 3 parts of the laryngeal cavity?
- Vestibule: superior to the vestibular folds
- Ventricle: depression between vestibular and vocal folds
- Infraglottic cavity: inferior to the vocal folds
Branches of external carotid artery? hint: 8
- Superior thyroid a (anterior)
- ascending pharyngeal a (medially)
- lingual a (anterior)
- facial a (anterior)
- occipital a (posterior)
- posterior auricular a (posterior)
- maxillary a
- superficial temporal a
Some anatomists like freaking out poor med students
Branches of subclavian artery? hint: 5
- vertebral artery
- internal thoracic artery
- thyrocervical trunk
- costocervical trunk
- dorsal scapular artery
VIT CD
injury to the external laryngeal n causes what?
weakened phonation because the vocal folds cannot be tightened.
note: external laryngeal n supplies the cricothyroid m
Injury to one of the recurrent laryngeal nerves produces what?
hoarseness
if both recurrent laryngeal nerves are damaged, what will happen?
voice may or may not be preserved but breathing becomes difficult
Functions of the larynx?
- protection when swallowing by the aryepiglottic muscles and closure of the glottis
- phonation
- coughing
what are the 3 layers of the pharyngeal wall?
- buccopharyngeal fascia
- muscular layer
- mucous membrane
What are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
- superior pharyngeal m
- middle pharyngeal m
- inferior pharyngeal m (thyropharyngeus n cricopharyngeus)
note: all innervated by vagus nerve
what are the small longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
- salpingopharyngeus m
- palatopharyngeus m
- stylopharyngeus m (only one innervated by glassopharyngeal n.)
note: the other 2 are innervated by the vagus nerve and these muscles help the main 3 muscles
which arteries supply the pharynx?
- Ascending pharyngeal a
- Ascending palatine and tonsillar a (from facial)
- Greater palatine and pharyngeal a (from maxillary)
- Lingual a
- Superior and inferior pharyngeal arteries
which arteries supply the larynx
- superior laryngeal a
- inferior laryngeal a
3 main features of the nasopharynx?
- auditory tube (pharyngotympanic tube)
- pharyngeal recess
- pharyngeal tonsil
nasopharynx communicates with the nose by what?
choanae
