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Respi > Larynx & Pharynx > Flashcards

Larynx & Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle abducts the vocal folds and opens the glottis?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid m.
*PABlo escobar

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2
Q

the larynx houses the vocal folds essential for phonation. T or F.

A

T

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3
Q

Vocal folds located just above where the tract of the pharynx splits into trachea and esophagus. T or F.

A

F- located below

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4
Q

location of the larynx?

A
  • posteriorly to the thyroid gland and anteriorly to the pharynx
  • vertebral levels C3-C6
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5
Q

Joints? hint: 2

A
  • cricothyroid joint (synovial)
  • cricoarytenoid joint (synovial joint)
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6
Q

Ligaments n membranes? hint: 7

A
  • thyrohyoid membrane
  • hypoepiglottic ligament
  • thyroepiglottic ligament
  • cricotracheal membrane
  • quadrangular membrane (epiglottis to arytenoid c.)
  • cricothyroid ligament
  • cricovocal membrane
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7
Q

Quadrangular membrane lower n upper border?

A
  • lower: false vocal cords/vestibular ligament
  • upper: mucous membrane makes the aryepiglottic fold
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8
Q

Which intrinsic muscles are responsible for adducting?

A
  • lateral cricoarytenoid m
  • arytenoid ms. (oblique n transverse)
    note: close the vocal folds/ close glottis
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9
Q

Which intrinisic muscles are responsible for tensing/relaxing the vocal folds?

A
  • cricothyroid m (lengthens and tenses the vocal folds- increases pitch)
  • thyroarytenoid m (shortens and relaxes the vocal folds- decreases pitch)
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10
Q

medial fibres of thyroarytenoid m run parallel to the vocal ligament to form which muscle?

A

vocalis muscle (right under the vocal ligament and right above the thyroarytenoid m)

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the laryngeal cavity?

A
  • Vestibule: superior to the vestibular folds
  • Ventricle: depression between vestibular and vocal folds
  • Infraglottic cavity: inferior to the vocal folds
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12
Q

Branches of external carotid artery? hint: 8

A
  • Superior thyroid a (anterior)
  • ascending pharyngeal a (medially)
  • lingual a (anterior)
  • facial a (anterior)
  • occipital a (posterior)
  • posterior auricular a (posterior)
  • maxillary a
  • superficial temporal a
    Some anatomists like freaking out poor med students
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13
Q

Branches of subclavian artery? hint: 5

A
  • vertebral artery
  • internal thoracic artery
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • costocervical trunk
  • dorsal scapular artery
    VIT CD
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14
Q

injury to the external laryngeal n causes what?

A

weakened phonation because the vocal folds cannot be tightened.
note: external laryngeal n supplies the cricothyroid m

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15
Q

Injury to one of the recurrent laryngeal nerves produces what?

A

hoarseness

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16
Q

if both recurrent laryngeal nerves are damaged, what will happen?

A

voice may or may not be preserved but breathing becomes difficult

17
Q

Functions of the larynx?

A
  • protection when swallowing by the aryepiglottic muscles and closure of the glottis
  • phonation
  • coughing
18
Q

what are the 3 layers of the pharyngeal wall?

A
  • buccopharyngeal fascia
  • muscular layer
  • mucous membrane
19
Q

What are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A
  • superior pharyngeal m
  • middle pharyngeal m
  • inferior pharyngeal m (thyropharyngeus n cricopharyngeus)
    note: all innervated by vagus nerve
20
Q

what are the small longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • salpingopharyngeus m
  • palatopharyngeus m
  • stylopharyngeus m (only one innervated by glassopharyngeal n.)
    note: the other 2 are innervated by the vagus nerve and these muscles help the main 3 muscles
21
Q

which arteries supply the pharynx?

A
  • Ascending pharyngeal a
  • Ascending palatine and tonsillar a (from facial)
  • Greater palatine and pharyngeal a (from maxillary)
  • Lingual a
  • Superior and inferior pharyngeal arteries
22
Q

which arteries supply the larynx

A
  • superior laryngeal a
  • inferior laryngeal a
23
Q

3 main features of the nasopharynx?

A
  • auditory tube (pharyngotympanic tube)
  • pharyngeal recess
  • pharyngeal tonsil
24
Q

nasopharynx communicates with the nose by what?

A

choanae

25
Q

main structures in the oropharynx?

A
  • palatine tonsils (projecting into oropharynx from tonsillar fossa between palatopharyngeal fold behind and palatoglossal fold in front)
  • valleculae (Between epiglottis and posterior surface of tongue)
26
Q

laryngopharynx features?

A
  • upper part: laryngeal inlet
  • piriform recesses lie beside aperture of larynx
  • At each side of epiglottis: lateral glossoepiglottic fold separates oropharynx from laryngeal part
27
Q

locations of nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

A
  • nasopharynx: base of skull to C1 (upper border of soft palate)
  • oropharynx: lower surface of soft palate to C3 (upper border of epiglottis)
  • laryngopharynx: upper border of epiglottis to C6 (lower border of cricoid cartilage)
28
Q

epithelium of the nasopharynx?

A

pseudostratified coloumnar epithelium with goblet cells

29
Q

which structures are found in the oropharynx?

A
  • Posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
  • Lingual tonsils – lymphoid tissue at the base of the tongue.
  • Palatine tonsils – lymphoid tissue located in the tonsillar fossa (between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches of the oral cavity).
  • Superior constrictor muscle
30
Q

laryngopharynx contains which muscles?

A

middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

31
Q

which cartilage provide support for the larynx?

A

Hyaline cartilage and cricoid cartilage provide support for larynx

32
Q

Epithelium in lower larynx changes back to pseudostratified ciliated columnar. T or F.

A

T

33
Q

nasopharynx is lined with what kind of epithelium?

A

respiratory epithelium

34
Q

what 2 processes are on the arytenoid cartilage?

A
  • vocal process
  • muscular process (intrinsic muscles attach here)
35
Q

space between the vocal folds is the rima glottidis while the space between the vestibular folds is the ______?

A

rima vestibuli

36
Q

which intrinsic muscle protects the inlet during swallowing of food?

A

aryepiglottic muscles (& closure of the glottis helps)

37
Q

Laryngeal cartilages developed from which arches?

A

fourth and sixth arches

38
Q

What does the larynx develop from?

A

Develops from laryngotracheal groove at caudal end of floor of primitive pharynx

39
Q

Where is a laryngotomy performed?

A

Entry through cricothyroid ligament between cricoid cartilage and lower border of thyroid cartilage.
note: not longer than 48 hours- can lead to subglottic stenosis

Respi (9 decks)

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