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FoM > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of cells maintaining a stable internal environment called?

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

What is autocrine action?

A

Communication within the same cell

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3
Q

What is Paracrine action?

A

Communication with a neighbouring cell

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4
Q

What in endocrine action?

A

Communication with distant cells

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5
Q

What does synergenistic mean?

A

Working together

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6
Q

What does antagonistic mean?

A

Working against each other

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of extracellular body fluids?

A

Plasma, Interstitial, Transcellular

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8
Q

Give an example of a Transcellular body fluid

A

Cerebrospinal fluid, Synovial fluid, Urine, Sweat, Tears

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9
Q

Give an example of an Interstitial Body fluid?

A

Lymph, Fluid between cells

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10
Q

What is an intracellular body fluid

A

Fluid within a cell

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11
Q

Why is blood not a fluid?

A

Blood cells do not dissolve, instead, the relevant fluid is the plasma found in blood

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12
Q

What is oncotic pressure?

A

Pressure exterted by Proteins

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13
Q

Define Hypertension

A

High Blood Pressure

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14
Q

What does Isotonic mean?

A

Same tonicity / pressure

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15
Q

What does the term kalemia relate to

A

Potassium concentrations

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16
Q

What does the term natremia relate to?

A

Sodium concentrations

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17
Q

What causes a Bilayer to be formed

A

The hydrophobic effect

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18
Q

Give an example of a monolayer found in the body

A

Micelle

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19
Q

What are the membranes that make up the exterior edges of animal cells called

A

Ampiphatic Phospholipids

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20
Q

Define cytosolic

A

A semi fluid substance filling the interior of the cell

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21
Q

Define exoplasmic

A

Facing away from the cytoplasm

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22
Q

Where is cardiolipin found?

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

Where are glycolipids found?

A

The outside of the cell

24
Q

What are sphingolipids?

A

Lipids with sphingosine instead of glycerol as the backbone

25
Q

Where are sphingolipids found?

A

The myelin sheath that surrounds axons in neurons

26
Q

How does secondary active transport work?

A

Molecules are moved as a result of the diffusion of another substance

27
Q

What is the main job of NA+

A

Determines Plasma Osmolality

28
Q

What is the main job of K+

A

Determines Membrane Potential

29
Q

What is the main job of CA2+?

A

Major cell signalling

30
Q

What is the main job of H+

A

Determines Ph

31
Q

What is the main job in HCO3-

A

Buffer/Acid base regulator

32
Q

What is the main job of Cl—

A

It is a major anion important in acid base and cell volume

33
Q

What is a channelopathy

A

A genetic disorder resulting in defects in ion channels

34
Q

What is vesicular transport

A

A form of active transport for larger molecules

35
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

Entering the cell

36
Q

What does exocytosis mean?

A

Leaving the cell

37
Q

Define Spatial summation

A

When inputs from different locatitons add together at once

38
Q

Define Temporal summation

A

When inputs from the same location add together over time

39
Q

What is an Inhibitory post synaptic potential?

A

A small hyperpolarisation making an action potenital less likely

40
Q

What is an excitatory post synaptic potential

A

A small depolarisation which makes an action potential more likely

41
Q

What causes hyperpolarisation?

A

More K+ channels open than during repolarisation causing K+ to get nearer to equilibrium

42
Q

What causes Repolarisation?

A

NA+ influx stops and there is an efflux of K+ through voltage gated K+ channels

43
Q

What causes Depolarisation?

A

Influx of NA+ through voltage gated NA+ channels

44
Q

What is the body of this cell called?

A

Soma

45
Q

What are the ends of this cell called?

A

Dendrites

46
Q

What is the blue part of this diagram showing?

A

Axon Hillock

47
Q

What does Point 5 show?

A

Hyperpolarisation (EK+ = -90mV)

48
Q

What does Point 4 show?

A

Repolarisation

49
Q

What does Point 3 show?

A

Peak of the curve (ENA+ = +65mV)

50
Q

What does Point 2 show?

A

Overshoot of the threshold

51
Q

What does Point 1 show?

A

Depolarisation

52
Q

What does Point 0 show?

A

Resting Membrane Potential

53
Q

What causes Chemical cell to cell communication

A

Chemicals acting on target cells through receptors

54
Q

What causes Electrical cell to cell communication?

A

Changes in resting potentials along cell membranes

FoM (9 decks)

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