Physiological Diversity: Heterotrophy

Question 1

What are Heterotrophs?

Answer 1

Use organic compounds to produce energy

Question 2

What are Autotrophs?

Answer 2

Use energy from light or reduced inorganic compounds to fix CO2

Question 3

Photoautotrophs

Answer 3

Extract energy from light

Question 4

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 4

Extract energy from reduced inorganic compounds (H2S)

Question 5

Electron Donor

Answer 5

Substance to which an electron is removed (becomes oxidized)

Question 6

Electron Acceptor

Answer 6

Substance to which an electron is aded (becomes reduced)

Question 7

What are the 6 major forms of Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 7

Denitrification. Manganese Reduction. Iron Reduction. Sulfate Reduction. Methanogenesis. Acetogenesis.

Question 8

What is the Terminal Electron Acceptor in Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 8

O2

Question 9

What does a more negative delta G mean?

Answer 9

More energy is released

Question 10

What is the Electron Donor in Aerobic Chemoorganotrophy?

Answer 10

Methane (CH4)

Question 11

What is the Electron Acceptor in Denitrification?

Answer 11

Nitrate (NO3-)

Question 12

Is Denitrification Aerobic?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What is the Electron Acceptor in Manganese Reduction?

Answer 13

Manganese Dioxide (MnO2)

Question 14

Is Manganese Reduction an Anaerobic process?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What is the Electron Acceptor in Iron Reduction?

Answer 15

Iron Hydroxide (FeOH)

Question 16

What is the Electron Acceptor in Sulfate Reduction?

Answer 16

Sulfate (SO4-)

Question 17

What is the Electron Acceptor in Methanogensis?

Answer 17

Organic Carbon based compound

Question 18

What is the Electron Acceptor in Acetogenesis?

Answer 18

Organic Carbon based compound

Question 19

What kind of organisms are methanogens?

Answer 19

All Anaerobic Archaea

Question 20

What is Syntrophy?

Answer 20

When two microbes team up to degrade a substance

Question 21

What is an example of Syntrophy?

Answer 21

Ethanol fermentors break down ethanol into H2 that can be used by methanogens to produce methane

Question 22

What happens in Fermentation?

Answer 22

Organic matter acts as the electron donor, and also as an internal electron acceptor. Organic matter cannot be fully oxidized to CO2. Less energy is produced compared to aerobic respiration.

Question 23

What are the two phases of fermentation?

Answer 23

Glycolysis and Fermentation pathway

Question 24

Where is the Homolactic Fermentation pathway used in everyday life?

Answer 24

To make cheese and yogurt

Question 25

Where is the Heterolactic Fermentation pathway used in everyday live?

Answer 25

To make sauerkraut

Question 26

When is the Mixed Acid Fermentation Pathway used in everyday life?

Answer 26

To make plastics and elastic fibers like spandex

Question 27

Where is the Propionic Acid Fermentation Pathway used?

Answer 27

To make swiss cheese

Question 28

Where is the Butyric Acid Fermentation Pathway used?

Answer 28

Major industrial solvents, perfumes, hydraulic and brake fluids, paint thinner